What is the difference between climate and weather?
Climate = weather patterns over years or decades.
Weather = Day to day changes such as high winds, hot/cold temperature, high/low rainfall, etc.
100
When do crush injuries occur?
Typically after being entrapped under collapsed structures and debris.
100
Disaster related fungal infections:
A) are extremely common
B) are uncommon, but are becoming increasingly recognized
C) have never occurred
B) are uncommon, but are becoming increasingly recognized
100
After a disaster, the prevalence of PTSD is highest among which group?
A) Rescue workers
B) General population
C) Direct victims
D) A and C
E) None of the above
C) Direct Victims
100
Define "torture"
The action or practice of inflicting severe pain on someone as a punishment or to force them to do or say something, or for the pleasure of the person inflicting the pain.
200
Which of the following is NOT a top concern disease category in severe-weather related events?
(A) Wound Infections
(B) Respiratory Infections
(C) Sexually Transmitted Diseases
(D) Vector-Borne Diseases
(C) Sexually Transmitted Diseases
200
Are there increased or decreased rates of cardiovascular incidents after major earthquakes?
Increased
200
True or False:
Fungal infections are commonly overlooked by public health officials and health care workers
True
200
Which gender is most adversely affected with PTSD after a disaster?
A) Women
B) Men
C) Neither
A) Women
200
What is an "innocent" scar and give an example
Scars from work, sport or natural accidents
300
What determines the degree of an epidemic?
(A) Regional endemicity of specific diseases
(B) Nature and scope of the disaster
(C) Level of public health infrastructure in place before and after
(D) Level and efficacy of disaster response
(E) All of the above
(E) All of the above
300
Yes or No: Do natural disasters introduce new diseases in the affected area?
No
300
Most disaster related infections are:
A) Fungal
B) Viral
C) Bacterial
C) Bacterial
300
Risk factors for PTSD include: (300 pts)
A) Low social support
B) Preexisting psychiatric comorbidity
C) Previous experience with a traumatic event
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
D) All of the above
300
Name one type of scarring due to torture
• Beating or Whipping
• Beat on Soles of Feet
• Kicks
• Electrical Burns
• Cigarette Burns
• Stab Wounds
• Razor Cuts
• Finger and Toe nails
400
True or False: Contaminated water is a major cause of wound infection
True
400
What is the risk factor for post earthquake depression?
Being Female
400
Perhaps the most recognized post disaster fungal soft tissue infection. A) Mucormycosis B) Fungal Keratitis C) Candidiasis
What is A) Mucormycosis
400
With respect to the 2 different types of disasters, which records the highest prevalence of PTSD?
A) Natural disasters
B) Human-made/technological disasters
B) Human-made/technological disasters
400
Name one internal injury due to torture.
Blows to the head
◦ retinal detachment
◦ ruptured eardrum
◦ loss of teeth
◦ lacerations on tongue or cheek
◦ epilepsy
◦ memory loss
◦ confusion
◦ dementia
500
Why is it important to differentiate between types of natural phenomena, such as Tsunamis and Monsoons?
The patterns of destruction differ by event, which facilitate disaster response.
500
What is the most frequent neurological injury after earthquakes?
Spinal Trauma
500
If an infection does not respond to initial antibiotic (antibacterial) treatment, what kind of infection should be considered?
Fungal Infection
500
Assessing PTSD across studies is often challenged by…
The changing definitions of PTSD
500
Name one psychosomatic after-effect of torture.
• Headache
• Neck and back pain due to beating or confinement
• Stomach problems due to poor prison food or poisoning as part of torture
• Urination Issues
• Erectile dysfunction