Basic Terminology
This type of examination involves the excision of a small amount of living tissue
What is a biopsy?
This cellular adaptation is described as having an increased number of cells resulting in enlarged tissue mass
What is hyperplasia?
This imbalance is often characterized by sunken eyes and decreased skin turgor
What is dehydration?
A patient who has impaired expiration due to emphysema and a pH of 7.25 may be diagnosed with this acid-base imbalance
The circumstances under which a drug should not be taken
What are contraindications?
This is the identification of signs and symptoms and laboratory tests to identify a basic disease
What is diagnosis?
This term describes a deficit of oxygen in cells
What is ischemia?
Both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia may lead to death due to this effect
What are cardiac arrhythmias?
In the initial stage of vomiting, loss of hydrogen ions from the stomach acid may lead to this condition
What is metabolic alkalosis?
The combination of two drugs which reduces the effect of both
What is antagonism?
This term is used to classify a disease for which the etiology is unknown
What is idiopathic?
This type of cell damage is often caused by pressure or tearing of tissue
What is mechanical damage?
This cause of edema involves increased pushing pressure at the arteriole end of the capillary bed propelling excess fluid into the interstitial space
What is increased hydrostatic pressure?
If pH rises above this value it can result in death from decompensated alkalosis
What is >7.8?
Dangerous drug effects that cause significant tissue damage or are life-threatening
What are adverse effects?
This type of disease is short term and develops quickly, often with severe symptoms such as high fever or pain
What is acute disease?
The condition in which dying cells cause further cell death in the region due to cellular disintegration and release of intracellular enzymes
What is necrosis?
This effect, resulting from inflammation or infection can cause fluid excess in the interstitial space (edema) and allow more white blood cells to get into the interstitial space
What is increased capillary permeability?
A pH below this value is defined as acidosis
What is < 7.35?
A drug which has a harmful effect on the development of the fetus
What is teratogenic?
This type of research study compares an experimental intervention with a standard intervention
What is a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?
This type of cellular adaptation causes "new growth" commonly called a tumor
What is neoplasm or neoplasia?
This is the most common type of electrolyte imbalance which may be caused by the use of certain diuretic drugs combined with a low-salt diet or excessive water intake
What is hyponatremia?
This organ system exerts the slowest but most effective control of acid-base balance
What are the kidneys?
This will depend upon the rate of drug absorption, biotransformation, and elimination
What is a dosage schedule?