Circulation
This type of pressure is exerted by proteins and pulls fluid and nutrients back in the vessel
Oncotic or colloid
This valve is positioned between the left atrium and left ventricle
Mitral or bicuspid valve
T/F oxygen administration improves blood gasses in shunting
False
This is a medical emergency due to the presence of infection plus obstruction in the gallbladder
acute cholangitis
Blood pressure should be measured annually starting at age _____
3
What vessel type has no ability to constrict and optimizes exchange
Capillaries
ACS with prolonged ischemia of _____ minutes results in necrosis
20 minutes
This structure helps prevent collapse in alveoli
pores of Kohn
What does H pylori utilize to protect itself from stomach acid?
Self protective Urease, converting urea to NH3
This is the least common congenital vessel abnormality but with highest morbidity and mortality
AVM malformation
This type of pressure is exerted by blood against vessel walls, "pushing away"
hydrostatic
This is the primary pacemaker to the heart
SA node
These conditions decrease compliance of lungs
severe pneumonia, pulmonary edema, acute resp distress (ARDS)
In addition to Motility, secretion, digestion, absorbtion, what are 2 other functions of the GI tract
Elimination and Immunity
The younger the infant, the greater the risk of gastroenteritis due to
immature function of GI tract, greater permeability of GI mucosa and immature immunity
This type of pressure is highest on arterial walls due to high pressure and high flow velocity
shear stress
Cardiac output = ____ x _____
HR (beats per min)x stroke volume ml/min
CO at rest is 5L/min
The gas exhange airways begin at the _______ and terminate in the ______
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts and alveoli
This is considered the master switch in pancreatic enzymes
Trypsinogen
breakdown of heme occurs mainly in the ____and is converted to _______
spleen
biliverdin
Key to this disease of the extremeties is with rest the pain goes away
Peripheral arterial disease
Cardiac biomarkers such as troponin are elevated in the presence of ________?
necrosis/infarct
They are NOT elevated in ischemia.
These factors can cause R to L shunting
VSD, PFO, ARDS (cytokine storm)
______ is the major lab indicating functioning of liver and when elevated is a diagnostic indicator of decompensated liver failure___T/F____
ALT
False-liver can be scarred but perform
surfactant production begins to develop between ______ weeks gestation
25-27