Pathophysiologic Processes
A physiologic condition in which all systems are functioning at the ideal level
Homeostasis
Serves to maintain low sodium and high potassium concentrations in the cell helping to control the solute concentration inside the cell.
Sodium-Potassium ion pump
Irreversible cell injury ocurring when there is severe or prolonged trauma or disease.
Necrosis
The study of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations
epidemiology
The development of a gastrointestinal bleed secondary to peptic ulcer disease would represent which stage of Selye's stress response?
Exhaustion
Homeostatic regulation of the stress response
Allostasis
Anaerobic process that produces two ATP molecules, two NADH molecules, and two pyruvate molecules per glucose molecule.
Glycolysis
A tidy deletion of cells in tissues that are no longer needed; does not result in inflammation or collateral tissue damage
Apoptosis
First line of defense against infection and tissue injury
Barriers (SKIN)
The three major body systems involved in the stress response
Nervous, endocrine, immune
Hormone released during stress that serves to increase urine output and reduce blood pressure
ADH
The largest cytoplasmic organelle containing the genetic information for the cell in the form of DNA
Nucleus
Death of an entire organism in which no immunologic or inflammatory response occurs.
Somatic death
The second line of defense; occurs as a response to tissue injury or infection
Inflammatory response
Most of the detrimental effects of chronic stress are attributed to dysregulation of this hormone
Cortisol
Secreted in times of stress and allostatic overload; tends to suppress the immune system
Cortisol
A dynamic, double layer assembly of lipid and protein molecules involved in the transport of specific molecules in and out of the cell including nutrients and waste products
Plasma membrane or Plasmalemma
Generally results from increased functional demand.
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
The smallest known infective agents, ranging in size from 20-300 nm
Viruses
Proteins in the cell membrane which allow passive transport of ions
Channel proteins
Catecholamines released by the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla in response to stress
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Process by which somatic cells divide into daughter cells each receiving an identical and complete set of 46 chromosomes.
Mitosis
Process involving 4 steps:
1. ischemic cellular injury 2. loss of the plasma membrane's ability to maintain electrochemical gradients 3. influx of calcium ions and mitochondrial dysfunction 4. degradation of plasma membranes and nuclear structures
Coagulative necrosis
Eukaryotic microorganisms with the ability to form complex structures with thick rigid cell walls
Fungi
The site of synthesis of the proteins destined for secretion from the cell
Rough endoplasmic reticulum