Endoplasmic Reticulum
This organelle is studded with ribosomes and connected to the nuclear envelope.
What is Rough ER?
A student observes an organelle surrounded by two lipid bilayers with a thin fluid-filled space between them.
What is the nuclear envelope?
A white blood cell engulfs bacteria, then fuses the vesicle with this organelle, which contains acid hydrolase enzymes to digest the invader.
What is a lysosome?
A muscle cell contracts due to the interaction of actin-based filaments responsible for cell shape and movement.
What are microfilaments?
An organelle with a double membrane is observed in a cell requiring high energy output.
What is the mitochondrion?
This organelle is responsible for storing calcium and lipid synthesis.
What is Smooth ER?
Prior to cell division, this material must be duplicated so that each daughter cell receives a complete genetic blueprint.
What is DNA?
A cell digests some of its own organelles during nutrient deprivation using this process.
What is autophagy?
During mitosis, this cytoskeletal component forms tracks that guide chromosome movement to opposite ends of the cell.
What are microtubules?
These cells contain large numbers of mitochondria because ATP is required for sustained contraction.
What are muscle cells?
This organelle is responsible for the detoxification of drugs.
What is Smooth ER?
A skeletal muscle fiber contains several nuclei to support high levels of protein production.
What are multinucleated cells?
Programmed and controlled cell death, which is essential for development and tissue maintenance, is known as...
What is apoptosis?
This cellular appendage is specialized for locomotion and is found only on sperm cells in humans.
What is a flagellum?
This cellular process converts glucose into ATP within the mitochondrion.
What is cellular respiration?
The Rough ER has these that are often known as "protein factories" as they are the site of protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes?
This cell type lacks a nucleus to maximize space for oxygen-carrying molecules, resulting in a shorter lifespan.
What are red blood cells?
This type of vacuole stores water in plant cells and helps maintain turgor pressure.
What is a central vacuole?
A patient has chronic respiratory infections because hairlike projections that normally move dust and bacteria out of the airways cannot beat properly.
What are cilia?
A neuron stops firing properly because it can no longer maintain ion gradients due to failure of this ATP-dependent process.
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
The smooth ER's role in caclium regulation is critical for this synaptic process.
What is the release of neurotransmitters?
DNA bound to proteins inside the nucleus that stores genetic information is observed during interphase.
What is chromatin?
What is a nuclear pore?
During early mitosis, this cylindrical structure serves as the organizing center for microtubules, ensuring the mitotic spindle forms correctly and chromosomes are properly separated.
What are centrioles?
An adult develops progressive muscle weakness and neurodegeneration, but only maternal relatives are affected. The mutation responsible disrupts ATP production by altering genetic material located in this specific mitochondrial region.
What is mitochondrial DNA?