Types of Immunity
What is immunity?
the body's ability to resist a particular infection or disease
Acquired immunity
Immunity that develops during a lifetime
Diagnostic Tests are what?
medical procedures used to identify the cause of symptoms, confirm a disease, or monitor health conditions.
Tissue transferred between members of the same species that may differ genetically
Allograft
what can cause Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome?
Caused by HIV
What is innate immunity?
The natural physical barriers and basic defenses you are born with, like your skin, stomach acid, and mucus.
compare and contrast Active vs passive immunity
Active: Develops in response to an infection or vaccination
Passive: Develops after your receive antibodies from somewhere else
What is a titer testing for?
Measures levels of serum immunoglobulins
What is Hypersensitivity?
Develops IgE antibodies from B lymphocytes attach to mast cells stimulates release of chemical mediators (histamines) inflammatory response vasodilation and increased capillary permeability swelling and redness of tissues
What is a autoimmune disorder?
Occur when the immune system
cannot distinguish between self-
and non-self-antigens
bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are all examples of?
Pathogens
Explain Natural immunity in both active and passive sections
Active Natural immunity: Antibodes developed in response to an infection
Passive Natural immunity: Antibodies received from mother or breastmilk
What is the Indirect Coombs’ test?
Detects Rh blood incompatibility
tissue transferred from one species to a different species
Xenograft
What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
A type of autoimmune disorder
antigen-anitbody complex deposits in tissue - complement activated
causes inflammation and vascuolitis
What is Humoral immunity?
When antibodies are produced to protect the body
Give an example of how to acquire artificial immunity
Vaccination
received from medicine (giving antibodies) which is short term immunity
what does the Elisa test for?
Detects HIV antibodies and Used for a number of other diseases
What can help the survival time of a transplant?
When the HLA is excellent
What is the danger of autoimmune disorder?
individuals develop antibodies to their own cells or cellular material, and these antibodies then attack the individual’s tissues
What is Cell-mediated immunity?
When lymphocytes are programmed to attack non-self cells to protect the body
What type immunity is gamma globulin injection or infusion an example of?
Artificial passive immunity
MHC typing purpose?
Tissue matching before transplantation procedures
Rejection involving what two processes?
cell-mediated hypersensitivity and humoral response
Immunodeficiency?
Please explain (100 points per correct response)
Primary
secondary
Opportunistic infections
a state in which the immune system's ability to fight off infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent.
due to genetic defects
external factors such as viral infections (like HIV/AIDS), malnutrition, medications (chemotherapy or immunosuppressants), or certain cancers
illnesses caused by germs that usually do not cause harm in people with healthy immune systems, but take advantage of a weakened defense system. [1, 2]