The Banking Model
The metaphor Freire uses to describe students as empty containers to be filled by the teacher.
What are deposits (or "receptacles")?
In the banking model, this person is the only one who possesses "knowledge," while the students are assumed to know nothing.
Who is the teacher?
Unlike the banking model, which is a monologue, this "two-way street" of communication is the heart of problem-posing education.
What is dialogue?
Instead of encouraging students to change the world, the banking model encourages them to ___ to it.
What is adapt (or "adjust/comply")?
Freire writes: "Knowledge emerges only through invention and re-invention, through restless, impatient, continuing ___."
What is inquiry?
This is the primary "action" students take in a banking classroom, which Freire argues replaces true thinking.
What is storing or filing?
Freire argues that for true liberation to happen, this "contradiction" must be resolved so that both parties become "simultaneously teachers and students."
What is the teacher-student contradiction?
Problem-posing education views the world not as a static, unchangeable reality, but as this.
What is a process (or a "problem to be solved")?
This "ism" is what Freire calls the use of words that are emptied of their power to transform reality; talk that doesn't lead to action.
What is Verbalism?
This term refers to the combination of reflection + action aimed at transforming the world.
What is Praxis?
According to Freire, the banking model mirrors this broader societal structure where one group controls another.
What is oppression (or the "oppressor-oppressed" relationship)?
This is the role of the student in the banking model: to be a patient, listening, and ___ recipient of deposits.
What is passive?
This is the ultimate goal of problem-posing education; it starts with an "L" and involves the pursuit of full humanity.
What is Liberation?
Banking education treats students as these—entities that are acted upon—rather than "Subjects" who act upon the world.
What are Objects?
Freire famously states that "Education is suffering from ___ sickness," where the teacher acts as a narrator.
What is narration?
Because it emphasizes control over creativity and treats students as "things," Freire labels the banking model with this "death-loving" term.
What is necrophilic?
According to Chapter 2, the teacher acts as this for the students, choosing the content of the curriculum without consulting them.
What is a subject (or "the one who chooses/acts")?
This term describes the development of "______________" where students learn to perceive social contradictions.
What is Critical Consciousness? (Conscientização)
This is the "myth" created by the banking model: that the world is a fixed, unchangeable reality that students must simply accept.
What is false consciousness (or "the myth of a static reality")?
This "ism" is what Freire calls "talk without work"—words that lack the power to transform reality.
What is Verbalism?
In the banking model, the teacher is the "Subject" of the learning process, while the students are relegated to being these.
What are Objects?
Freire claims that by maintaining a gap between the "knower" and the "learner," the teacher is actually practicing a form of this.
What is oppression (or "intellectual alienation")?
In this model, the "Teacher-of-the-students" and the "Students-of-the-teacher" cease to exist and are replaced by this unified term.
What are Teacher-students and Students-teachers?
Freire argues that by suppressing "inquiry," the banking model serves the interests of these people, who benefit from a passive population.
Who are the oppressors?
Freire argues that the banking model keeps the oppressed in a state of "sub-merged" consciousness, also known by this phrase.
What is the Culture of Silence?