Basics of Epidemiology
Study of the distribution and determinants of health states and events in populations
What is Epidemiology?
Countable instance in the population/study group of a particular disease
What is a Case?
What is Direct Transmission?
Person or other living organism that can be infected by an infectious agent
What is a Host?
Probability that an event will occur that an individual will become ill or die
What is Risk?
Occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area
What is an Epidemic?
Cases that are directly exposed to the outbreak source
What is a Primary Case?
Transmission of an agent by suspended air particles or intermediaries
What is Indirect Transmission?
Habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives
What is a Reservoir?
Act of intervening before health effects occur
What is Primary Prevention?
Constant presence of a disease/agent within a given area of group
What is an Endemic Disease?
Cases that are exposed to the primary case
What is a Secondary Case?
Animate intermediary in indirect transmission of an agent
What is a Vector?
Person or animal without disease who has a infectious agent and is capable of transmitting it to others
What is a Carrier?
Preventive measures that lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment
What is Secondary Prevention?
Epidemic occurring over a very wide area and affecting a large proportion of the population
What is a Pandemic?
The first case noticed by health officials
What is an Index Case?
Inanimate intermediary in indirect transmission of an agent
What is a Vehicle?
A factor whose presence is essential for the occurrence of disease
What is an Agent?
Focuses on people who are already affected by a disease by improving quality of life
What is Tertiary Prevention?
Proportion of persons with clinical disease, who after infected, become ill or die
What is Virulence?
Set of standard criteria for deciding whether a person has a particular disease or condition
What is Case Definition?
Indirect vector-borne transmission of an infectious agent where the agent undergoes biological changes
What is Biologic Transmission?
Period of subclinical/inapparent pathologic changes following exposure, ending with onset of symptoms of disease
What is Incubation Period?
Set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in individuals
What is Rehabilitation?