What is Public Health?
What are the five subdisciplines of public health?
Epidemiology and Statistics, Public Health Biology, Environmental Health Science, Community and Behavioral Health, and Health Policy & Management
John Snow is known as the “Father of Epidemiology” for his efforts in tracking down the well that spread which disease?
Cholera
What were the 5 leading causes of death in the US in 2020?
1. Heart Disease
2. Cancer
3. COVID-19
4. Unintentional Injuries
5. Stroke
In a _____________, a community does not have access to healthy foods, while in a _____________, a community has excess access to unhealthy foods.
A. food desert, food swamp
While ____________put people at risk of poor health, _____________help people maintain or develop good health.
risk factors, protective factors
The goal of public health is prevention of _________ and __________.
Morbidity and mortality
What term refers to a worldwide epidemic?
Pandemic
Our _____________ are primary drivers of noncommunicable diseases.
Health behaviors
What are the limitations of individual level interventions?
Benefits a small porportion of the population, requires a lot of resources, hard to get people engaged, requires behavioral change
Factors such as age, race/ethnicity, gender, income, educational attainment exist at what level of the SEM?
individual
A public health nurse provides vaccine to clients at an immunization clinic. What level of prevention is this?
Primary prevention
Define epidemiology.
the study of the frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in human populations
Diabetes and heart disease are examples of _______________ while COVID-19 is a __________________.
Non-communicable, communicable
What is health promotion?
Any planned combination of educational, political, environmental, regulatory, or organizational mechanisms that support actions and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities.
What are the 5 levels of the social ecological model?
individual, interpersonal, organizational, community/environment, society/poilicy
What are some examples of national public health agencies in the US?
CDC, NIH, FDA, etc.
What are notifiable diseases and what is an example?
Diseases required to be reported as soon as
diagnosed. Ex, tuberculosis, measles, pertussis/whooping cough, anthrax
Explain the health belief model.
hypothesizes that health-related behavior depends on the combination of several factors, namely, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.
A ______________ is when the healthy choice is made the automatic action.
optimal default
How might personal relationship impact health?
Social norm, Cultural values or beliefs, Social support
Upstream vs. Downstream: Public health is _____________ and medicine is ____________.
Upstream, downstream
_____________ is a measurement of only new cases of a disease in a defined population over a defined period.
Incidence
While the theory of planned behavior _________________, the transtheoretical model _______________________.
a. predicts intention to behave/ believes behavior change is a process, not an event.
What are the levels of the Health Impact Pyramid.
Top to Bottom. A. counseling and education; clinical intervention; long-lasting protective interventions; changing the environment; socioeconomic factors
How might overarching social conditions in our society influence health?
Economic conditions, racial discrimination, media