Mental Health and Substance Use
What was one result of de-institutionalization?
High rates of homelessness among the mentally ill
High rates of incarceration for the mentally ill (20% have an SMI)
What is the strongest form of evidence for determining causation?
Experiment
Describe one health inequity that exists in the Afican American community
20% more likely to experience depression
30% more likely to die of heart disease
40% more likely to be obese
60% more likely to be diabetic (twice as likely to undergo amputation)
25% higher death rate from cance
What are the two major categories of injuries?
Intentional and Unintentional Injuries
What does WASH stand for?
WAter: sufficient quantity of water free of bacteria, parasites and viruses (potable) for cooking, drinking, preparing food, and handwashing
Sanitation: places to deposit human waste (urine and feces) that are contained and separated from water sources and protected from flies
Hygiene: Washing hands thoroughly, ideally with soap and
water
Name two forms of violence that are associated with substance us:
Violence against others (assaults, rapes)
Self-harm
Unintentional injuries
Provide a definition for Social Determinants of health
The circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness.
What is the double burden of disease?
Low-income countries have high levels of communicable and noncommunicable disease
Which gender has the highest rate of injury mortality?
Males
How is most of the water used in Colorado?
Agriculture (86%)
Name one social determinant of mental health
Freedom from discrimination and violence
Freedom from stigma
Access to economic resources
What are some key takeaways related to research from the Nuremberg Trials?
Human experimentation is only justifiable if it benefits society and is carried out in accord with basic principals that “satisfy, moral, ethical, and legal conceptions.”
Opportunities for education, work, etc
Social Relationships: networks of friends and families
Self-image and identity
Allostatic Load
Compared to the early 1900's workplace deaths in the United States have gone?
Down
Who is most at risk for health issues related to climate change?
Elderly
Infants and young children
Disabled
Low-income
Racial and ethnic minorities
Name two community-level factor for substance-use disorder
Ex.: Treatment availability and access; Drug disposal facilities; Community Norms, Prescibers' perception of risk; Types of Rx Opioids; Over-prescription
What is the main difference between health disparities and health inequities?
The differences between populations are unfair or unjust. Health inequities are preventable and avoidable
What is the Hispanic Paradox?
For the past twenty years there has been widespread evidence of an Hispanic paradox in the United States, in which most Hispanic groups are characterized by low socioeconomic status, but better than expected health and mortality outcomes.
What did the Occupational Safety and Health Act do?
Ensure that employers provide safe work environment
Created National Institute for Occupational Safety andHealth (NIOSH – in CDC) to do research and develop recommendations for health and safety standards
Created Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA – in Department of Labor) to enforce the laws/safety
standards
How does water contribute to infectious disease?
Waterborne Diseases (Diarrheal, Cholera, Typhoid)
Water-washed Diseases (Scabies, Fleas, Lice, Tick-borne diseases)
Water-based diseases (Schistosomiasis
Water-related insect vectors (Mosquitoes)
What are the four categories of diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders?
1. Impaired Control
2. Social Impairment
3. Risky use
4. Pharmacological effect
(Have to meet 2 criteria to be diagnosed)
What are the principals of Community Based Participatory Research and how can they be used to address issues in research?
Builds on community strengths and resources
Promotes collaborative and equitable partnerships
Facilitates co-learning and capacity building
Balances research and action for mutual benefit of all partners
Disseminates findings to all partners
Promotes long-term process and commitment
How does globalization impact public health?
Globalization is characterized by speed and
intensity of human interaction. Rapid
transportation and communication and
commerce challenge national boundaries.
Pandemics
Why were COVID infections so common in the meatpacking industry?
Meatpacking plants were identified as being essential for national security
There is very little physical distance between workers in meatpacking plants
Many workers live in multi-generational households
Why are risk benefits important when determining how to invest in environmental health?
Absolute safety is impossible
Must balance risk against other scoietal goods
Political and economic interests