What is Public Health & How to Succeed in PBHL 2001
What are the five subdisciplines of public health?
Epidemiology and Statistics, Public Health Biology, Environmental Health Science, Community and Behavioral Health, and Health Policy & Management
John Snow is known as the “Father of Epidemiology” for his efforts in tracking down the well that spread which disease?
Cholera
Which model hypothesizes that health-related behavior depends on the combination of several factors, namely, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy?
Health belief model
What were the 5 leading causes of death in the US in 2020?
1. Heart Disease
2. Cancer
3. COVID-19
4. Unintentional Injuries
5. Stroke
_________ are living single-celled organisms that can grow and reproduce outside the body. Examples include tuberculosis, cholera, and syphilis
Bacteria
The goal of public health is prevention of _________ and __________.
Morbidity and mortality
What term refers to a worldwide epidemic?
Pandemic
What are the limitations of individual level interventions?
Only benefits a small portion of the population, requires a lot of resources, hard to get people engaged, requires behavioral change
Our _____________ are primary drivers of noncommunicable diseases.
health behaviors
Which 6 “Criteria Air Pollutants” were included in the Clean Air Act of 1970?
Particulate matter, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Ozone, Lead
A public health nurse provides vaccine to clients at an immunization clinic. What level of prevention is this?
Primary prevention
Define epidemiology
The study of the frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in human populations
What are the levels of the social ecological model (SEM) and how does this model differ from other health belief models?
Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Organizational/Institutional, Community/Environment, and Society/Policy
SEM looks beyond the individual and individual responsibility.
Diabetes and heart disease are examples of _______________ while COVID-19 is a __________________.
Non-communicable diseases, communicable disease
In the chain of infection, what is the reservoir?
A place/organism where the pathogen can live and multiply
Upstream vs. Downstream:
Public health is _____________ and medicine is ____________.
Public health is upstream.
Medicine is downstream.
What are notifiable diseases and what is an example?
Diseases required to be reported as soon as diagnosed. For example, tuberculosis, measles, pertussis/whooping cough, anthrax.
A ______________ is when the healthy choice is made the automatic action.
Optimal default
In a _____________, a community does not have access to healthy foods, while in a _____________, a community has excess access to unhealthy foods.
food desert, food swamp
A(n) _____________ transmission occurs when there are agents in the air (usually confined places).
Ex. SARS in an airplane
Airborne
What historical events have impacted approaches to research design, ethics, and human populations?
Biomedical experimentation during World War II (Nuremburg Code), the Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, the Thalidomide tragedy, and the Diabetes study of the Havasupai
_____________ is a measurement of only new cases of a disease in a defined population over a defined period.
Incidence
What are the levels of the Health Impact Pyramid?
Top to Bottom:
counseling and education; clinical intervention; long-lasting protective interventions; changing the environment; socioeconomic factors
__________ is part of the development of cardiovascular disease with plaque beginning at an early age in the U.S.
Atherosclerosis
Until the 1970s, little attention was given to garbage disposal in the United States. During this period, how was garbage disposed?
Open dumps, bodies of water, or it was burned