Anatomy & histology of skin
Draw and label the 3 layers of the skin AND the layers present within the most superficial layer?
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (subcutis/subcutaneous layer)
Stratum corneum (cornified layer)
Stratum Granulosum (granular layer)
Stratum spinosum (spinous layer)
Stratum Basale (basal layer)
State the different degrees of burns
1st degree (superficial)
2nd degree (superficial partical thickness)
2nd degree (deep partial thickness)
3rd degree (full thickness)
4th degree
What is the immediate response of the body when a burn occurs?
blood vessel constriction to reduce bleeding and clot formation to minimize further damage
What is the role of the stratum Corneum
Protection
what organ in the body is primarily responsible for metabolizing paracetamol
The liver
Which layer of the epidermis does cell division occur in?
Stratum Basale (basal layer)
all layers of the Epidermis and the upper layer of the dermis (papillary layer)
What are the inflammatory chemicals released during the inflammatory phase of burn healing, leading to redness, swelling, and heat at the burn site?
histamines and cytokines
Which specific layer of the skin provides a relatively dry and semi-impermeable barrier, reducing fluid loss and controlling evaporation?
Epidermis
What are some accident prevention guidelines for preventing burns?
-Children should be supervised at all times
- Keep floors free of toys and obstructions that can be tripped over
- Always use a securely fitted safety harness in a pram, pushchair or highchair
- Never leave babies unattended on raised surfaces
- Do not place baby bouncers on raised surfaces Prevention for burns
What are the cells of the epidermis and their function
Keratinocytes: Major type, produce keratin, degree of keratinisation increases with increasing differentiation (starting at basal layer -> cornified)
Melanocytes: Responsible for skin pigmentation, live in basal layer, protection against UV damage, do not migrate from lower layers of epidermis
Merkel cells: Involved in touch sensation,
Langerhans cells-Dendritic cells (antigen presenting immune cells)
What is the typical appearance of Full thickness burns?
These burns may appear white, charred, or leathery and are typically painless because nerve endings are damaged
During which phase of burn healing do new blood vessels form, and specialized cells called fibroblasts produce collagen to rebuild the damaged tissue?
proliferative phase
Within the skin, where are various nerve endings located, allowing us to detect temperature, touch, pressure, vibration, and pain?
Dermis
What is the primary mechanism of action of paracetamol in the context of burns and pain management?
inhibiting the production of prostaglandins in the central nervous system?
Which layer of the epidermis is found ONLY in thick skin, and between which layers is it found?
Stratum Lucidum
Found between Stratum corneum and stratum granulosum
What would the following burn be classified as:
· Layers involved - Extends into superficial (papillary) dermis
· Appearance - Redness with clear blister. Blanches with pressure
· Texture - Moist
· Sensation - Very painful
· Healing time - Less that 2-3 weeks
2nd degree superficial burn
What is the term for the process in which epithelial cells at the wound edges migrate across the burn wound, forming a new layer of skin to help close the wound?
reepithelialization
What cell present within the skin is responsible for Vitamin D sources
Keratinocytes
What is the hypodermis primarily composed of?
Adipose tissue/ adipocytes
What are the three zones of burns?
Zone of coagulation
Zone of Stasis
Zone of Hyperaemia
What cells produce collagen to rebuild the damaged tissue?
fibroblasts
Where in the skin are lipids and water stored, and which layer is involved in the synthesis of essential nutrients?
subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) for storage and the epidermis for synthesis