Anatomy
What two structures separate the Minor Calyx from the Ureter?
1) Major Calyx
2) Renal Pelvis
What are the three checkpoints of the cell cycle?
G1
M
G2
Define mutagen
Mutagens are substances and preparations that may induce genetic alterations or increase their prevalence
Why is asking for Family History important for a Hematologic history? Name one relevant illness.
To check for thalassemias, haemochromatosis, thrombophilias, bleeding disorders.
What are the three locations where the ureter can be obstructed?
The first at the pelviureteric junction, the second at the pelvic brim where it crosses the iliac vessels, and finally at the ureterovesical junction
What is the structure of a Nucleoside?
A Nitrogenous Base and a Five Carbon Sugar
Name three general groups of cancer drugs.
1) Alkylating agents
2) Antimetabolites
3) Hormone Antagonists
4) Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
5) CAR T-Cell Therapy
What do you need to check for when examining the hands and wrist in a haematological examination? Name two.
Koilonychia
Onychomycosis
Cryoglobulinaemia
Palmar Crease Pallor
Gout
Rhematoid Athritis
Purpura
Outline how the Left and Right Gonadal Veins drain into the IVC?
The Right Gonadal Vein drains into the IVC
The Left Gonadal Vein drains into the Left Renal Vein, then drains into the IVC
The organelle _______ is responsible for the _________ of apoptosis.
Mitochondria, Intrinsic
What will happen to a premenopausal woman who has taken an aromatase inhibitor?
Nothing!
Name 3 of the 5 Main Groups of Lymph Nodes in the Axilla
Central
Lateral
Pectoral
Infraclavicular
Subscapular
1) Pre-prostatic
2) Prostatic
3) Membranous
4) Spongy
Name two initiator caspases that act on the executioner caspase(s) in apoptosis?
Caspase 8
Caspase 9
Caspase 10
Tamoxifen will be harder to metabolize for about 7-10% of the European white population, this is to low levels of this.
CYP2D6
Define Anisocytosis
Degree of Variation in red cell size
Name all Cranial Nerve Foramina
Cribriform Plate
Optic Canal
Superior Orbital Fissure
Foramen Rotundum
Foramen Ovale
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Jugular Foramen
Hypoglossal Canal
What is the first factor of the intrinsic pathway?
What is the first factor of the extrinsic pathway?
What is the first common factor in the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways?
Intrinsic Pathway starts at Factor XII
(12,11,9,8 without 10)
Extrinsic Pathway starts at Factor III
(3+7=10)
Common Pathway begins at Factor X
(10=5x2x1)
Methotrexate inhibits an important catalyzed reaction in the body. Name the Reactant, Product, and Enzyme of that Reaction.
Dihydrofolic Acid is converted to Tetrahydrofolic Acid with the help of Dihydrofolate Reductase
Name 5 of the 8 cervical and supraclavicular lymph nodes
Submental
Submandibular
Jugular Chain
Supraclavicular
Posterior Triangle
Pre Auricular
Post Auricular
Occipital