Anemia Investigations
Anemia
Iron Metabolism
General Hematology
Food for thought
100
What are some of the causes of hypochromic anemia?
(fe deficiency and thallasemia) - low conc of hb
100
Where is vitamin b12 absorbed?
Terminal ileum
100
Name a good dietary source of haem and non haem iron
Haem: (liver, beef). Non haem: (cereals, oatmeals, soybeans, lentils)
100
How many alleles are there for the alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin?
4 for alpha, 2 for beta
100

Increases absorption of iron

Acidic food Vit C

200
What are the Mean Corpuscular Volume definitions for microcytic and macrocytic anemia?
Microcytic = <80, Macrocytic = >100 fL
200
What are 3 general causes of iron deficiency anemia?
(malabsorption, blood loss, increased requirements)
200
What is the difference between haem and non haem fe absorption?
(haem: mechanism unknown but easily absorbed, non haem: absorbed in early duodenum, requires acidic environment)
200
Where does erythropoesis predominantly occcur in adults?
Red marrow of flat bones (eg pelvis)
200

List 3 causes of iron def anemia

varies

300
What is anisocytosis and poikilocytosis?
Anisocytosis = increased variation in size and poikilocytosis = increased variation in shape
300
Name 3 potential causes of vitaminb12 deficiency?
(poor diet, malabsorption, increase utilization - eg. pregnancy/lactation, decreased intrinsic factor, decreased gastric acid)
300
Why is vitamin c required in iron absorption?
conversion of fe3+ to fe2+. iron must be in 2+ form to cross membranes
300
What is Barts Hb and when do you see it elevated?
Hemoglobin Barts consists of four gamma chains. It has a higher affinity for Oxygen. It is elevated in alpha thalassemia.
300

Causes of B12 deficiency?

Dietary, malabsorption,infection/dialysis, drug induced (alcholism)

400
Name one thing that could cause a decreased reticulocyte count and one thing that could cause an increased reticulocyte count?
(Decreased=thalassemia, fe/b12/folate anemia. Increased= haemorrhage, hemolysis or treatment: eg. fe supplement for fe defeiciency anemia)
400
Name 3 signs of iron deficiency anemia
(koilonychias, angular chelitis, glositis, fatigue, dyspnoea, alopecia, symptoms related to cause -eg. melaena)
400
How is iron stored in the body?
(Enzyme cofactors ~10%, Ferritin ~10%, Hemosiderin ~10%, RBCs ~70%)
400
Name the steps in erythrocyte production, starting with the pluripotent hematopoetic stem cell - ending in the RBC
Pluripotent hematopoetic stem cell  Common myeloid progenitor  proerythroblast  basophilic erythroblast  polychromatic erythroblast  orthochromatic erythroblast  reticulocyte  erythrocyte
400

Recommended daily intake of folic acid

50-100 mcg

500

Iron def anemia presents as what morphology description microscopically?

micro hypo

500

How many stages are present in Iron Def Anemia

3

500

Daily allowance of Fe

8 mg male and 18 mg female

500

Alternate form for storage iron

hemosiderin

500

Daily recommendation of B12

2.4 mcg day

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