Gram-Positive Bacteria
The primary cause of "strep throat," and also a cause of scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, and toxic shock syndrome
What is Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)?
A sorbitol-nonfermenting, lactose-fermenting serotype of E. coli
What is E. coli O157:H7?
The primary cause of vaginal yeast infections and thrush. Forms pseudohyphae
What is Candida albicans?
A double-stranded, neurotropic DNA virus that is the most common cause of "cold sores," and that 2/3 of adults have been infected by
What is HSV-1?
A flagellated, binucleated parasite that causes watery diarrhea via effacement of villi
What is Giardia?
Catalase-positive, coagulase-positive Gram-positive cocci that form gold colonies on agar
What is Staphylococcus aureus?
A bacterium that is highly acid-sensitive, and that enters the mucosa through microfold cells or by altering tight junctions
What is Salmonella?
A fungus that only has a yeast form, that produces a capsule when in the human body, and whose affected population is about 20% immunocompetent people
What is Cryptococcus neoformans?
A gammaherpesvirus that causes latent infection of B cells and epithelial cells, and is the main cause of mononucleosis
What is Epstein-Barr virus?
The class of parasites that includes the agents of malaria and toxoplasma, and which exhibit gliding motility
What is Apicomplexa?
Gram-positive rods that are part of the normal vaginal and intestinal flora
What is Lactobacillus?
A category of E. coli that are associated with "traveler's diarrhea," and whose toxins target adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase
What is ETEC?
A fungus that forms a mycelium of septate hyphae, and where species are differentiated based on conidia arrangement; causes pulmonary or sinus infections
What is Aspergillus?
A class of viruses that make RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
What are retroviruses? (Also OK: "What is HIV?" or "What is HTLV?")
The class of parasites that are referred to as "worms"
What are helminths?
Gram-positive streptococci that are the primary cause of dental cavities, and that are most commonly alpha- or gamma-hemolytic
What are the Viridans streptococci / Streptococcus mutans?
A bacterium that uses toxin-coregulated pilus to adhere to fellow bacterial cells, and whose toxin has active subunit CtxA
What is Vibrio cholerae?
A fungus identified based on its ribosomal RNA and proteins, and which causes lung infections. T-cell deficiency is the main risk factor
What is Pneumocystis jiroveci?
A betaherpesvirus that can cause mononucleosis, including via intrauterine transmission to a fetus
What is cytomegalovirus?
A parasite associated with animals (especially cattle), with oocysts found in most surface waters, and that causes intractable watery diarrhea in immunocompromised people
What is Cryptosporidium?
Gram-positive diplococci that make the enzyme autolysin, cause pneumonia, and are optochin-sensitive
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
A bacterium that makes RpoS sigma factor, that induces formation of surface ruffles to enter host cells, and whose toxin cleaves the mammalian 60S ribosomal subunit
What is Shigella?
A group of fungal pathogens that include Rhizopus and Mucor, have mostly non-septate hyphae, and cause sinus and pulmonary infections
What is Mucorales?
An alphaherpesvirus that causes chickenpox, shingles, and post-herpetic neuralgia
What is varicella-zoster virus?
A parasite that causes lesions which spread laterally and can cause "flask-shaped ulcers" in the colon
What is Entamoeba histolytica?