ACL PPENDERS
Type of sports that cause ACL injuries
What is non-contact sports?
- Also accept rotational forces, sudden changes in direction, rapid stopping, jumping and landing abnormally
Cause of increased ACL injuries among kids and teens
What is increase in number of kids and teens involved in competitive sports?
Having no pain while stretching is a sign of this grade of sprain
What is third?
Condition with a positive posterior drawer test
What is PCL injury?
Two types of ACL surgery
What are allograft and autograft?
Percentage of partial tears
What is 5-15%?
Two poor prognostic factors
What is arthography?
The points of tenderness in Ottawa Ankle Rules (4).
What are lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, navicular, base of 5th metatarsal?
Other aspect of Ottawa Ankle Rules is inability to bear weight.
Maximum score on LEFS representing high function
What is 80?
Risk factors (give at least 3)
List two symptoms of ACL tears
What are:
Feeling that a knee 'gives out', tenderness along the joint line of the knee, feeling a sudden 'pop' in the knee, general knee pain
Three special tests to diagnose a ACL injury
What are anterior drawer test, pivot shift test, and Lachman's test?
Condition where patient experiences locking of the knee with the inability to bend or straighten the knee
What is meniscal injury?
MDIC of LEFS
What is 9?
Percentage of patients that can maintain their preinjury level of play ability 4 years after surgery
What is <50%?
Annual reported incidence in US
What is 1 in 3500 people?
Positive Lachman's test look like
Increased anterior translation of the tibia on the femur
Conditions with audible 'pop' (name at least 3)
What are ACL, PCL, meniscus, and patellar dislocation?
Ankle movements that cause ATFL sprains
What are plantar flexion and inversion?
Function of ACL
What is:
Prevents excessive forward motion of the tibia relative to the femur during flexion and extension of the knee (together with PCL)
Rotational stability to the knee with varus or valgus stress
Complete ACL tear medium term risk of secondary instability range (%)
What is 15-66%?
Sensitivity and specificity of MRI
Condition where articular cartilage and underlying bone on the weight-bearing surface of the femur, tibia, or under the patella creates fragments of bone
What is osteochondral fracture?
Absent pulses are predictors of these (list at least 3)
What are MI, stroke, CV death, heart failure, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes?