Definitions
Regular panic attacks, and the avoidance of places, situations, and activities, and internal bodily/somatic cues correlated with an initial panic attack.
What is Panic Disorder?
Genome & epigenetic factors.
What is a common possible risk factor of anxiety, mood, and schizophrenic disorders?
Telling people their life isn't that bad, therefore they should be happy.
What is NOT a treatment for depressive disorders?
An individual worries about the outcomes of exams, social interactions, and his future, so often and intensely that he experiences muscle tension, fatigue, agitation or restlessness, irritability, and difficulties sleeping. He worries so much about an exam that he can't bring himself to study for it, nor see his friends, because he is too busy being worried.
What is an example of a person with GAD?
Obsessive, seemingly irrational, thoughts and/or compulsions to engage in certain behaviours, paired with great deal of distress if they do not carry out that behaviour.
What is OCD?
Pulling an all-nighter, overnight flights, skipping multiple meals, inconsistent shift work.
What are possible triggers for increased symptoms of mood disorders according to the social zeitgeber theory?
MAOI, tricyclics, SSRI, SNRI. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), trans cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and deep brain stimulation, exercise, meditation.
What are possible treatments for mood disorders, specifically MDD?
An individual leads a very distinguished life as a professor, but begins to believe that he is receiving messages from government agencies, being spied on, and doing top secret work. This puts a large burden on his life, marriage, and career; he no longer knows what is real or in his head.
What is an example of someone with schizophrenia? (/what is the plot of a beautiful mind)
Psychopathological illness including symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behaviour, abnormal motor behaviour (including catatonia), anhedonia, and reduced speech.
What is Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorder?
Growing up learning that behaving incorrectly/inappropriately has serious, violent consequences, or being surrounded by illness/death as a child.
What are examples of a specific vulnerability that causes channeled/focused anxiety disorders? (focusing anxiety on social interactions, being healthy)
Anti anxiety drugs, antidepressants, minor tranquillizers, benzodiazepines, exposure-based cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT).
What are possible treatments for anxiety disorders (not including phobias)?
An individual missed her mothers' funeral, her sisters' wedding, and has never been on a vacation, all to avoid planes.
What is an example of a specific phobia causing dysfunction in life?
One week or longer (a distinct period) of abnormal, persistent, irritable, goal-directed activity or behavior.
What is a Manic episode?
In childhood: witnessing parental marital disputes, living in poverty, experiencing abuse, severe bullying, parents in and out of jobs.
What are possible psychological vulnerabilities for developing an anxiety disorder?
Pharmacotherapy, lithium, Anticonvulsant medications (e.g., carbamazepine, valproate), Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT)
What are possible treatments for mood disorders, specifically bipolar disorder?
An individual has a persistent doubt; they obsessively think about whether or not they've locked their house doors or car doors. They cannot go to bed at night until they check these doors, temporary relief when they check, but they once again doubt, creating a vicious cycle.
What is an example of a person with OCD?
Intense fear, triggered by reminders of a past traumatic experience, that another similar experience happen. May involve a feeling of isolation, numbness, and hyper-vigilance.
What is PTSD?
The pregnant mother contracts a viral infection such as rubella, and/or suffers from malnutrition (anorexia or extreme poverty), and/or the baby suffers from hypoxia (loss of oxygen at birth).
"Typical" and "atypical" antipsychotics (type D2 dopamine receptor inhibitor), Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET).
What are possible treatments for schizophrenia?
An individual had a near drowning incident, now suffers from panic attacks when they are submerged; therefore they avoid pools, lakes, and bathtubs.
What is an example of interoceptive avoidance in relation to panic disorder?