Addiction
Chronic alcohol use can cause _______ vitamin deficiency, leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?
Thymine (B1)
Bipolar 1: most severe form, highest mortality rate, at least 1 manic episode, no depression required
Bipolar 2: at least 1 hypomanic episode and 1 major depressive episode
Honeymoon phase --> tension-building phase --> serious battering phase
repeat
What are SSRIs for?
Major depressive disorder, they block absorption (reuptake) of serotonin, thereby intensifying the effects of serotonin.
Which STI is characterized by chancres?
Syphilis
What is tolerance?
the body needing increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect
You have to experience 5 or more of which symptoms for a two week period for major depressive disorder?
weight and appetite changes, sleep disturbances, fatigue, worthlessness or guilt, loss of ability to concentrate, recurrent thoughts of death, psychomotor agitation
PLUS at least one of these
depressed mood
OR
loss of interest or pleasure
Signs of sexual abuse in children
What is Disulfiram used for?
alcohol use disorder, blocks breakdown of alcohol in the body making you super sick if you drink alcohol while on this med
Signs and symptoms of heat stroke
sweat glands stop functioning, vasodilation, tachypnea, tachycardia, weakness, hot, dry, skin, altered LOC, core temp >105.8 F
What are the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?
tremors, n/v, anxiety, increase in HR
Electroconvulsive therapy
most effective depression treatment, severe malnutrition, exhaustion, and dehydration, have to fail several previous medical trials
Risk factors for elder abuse
poor mental or physical health, dependent on perpetrator, female, white, >75 years old, elderly parents cared for by children or spouses they abused earlier in life
What is Naltrexone used for?
Reduces or eliminates alcohol craving by blocking the euphoric effects of opioids
Hypothermia assessment findings
person appears dead in severe hypothermia, undetectable vs, absent reflexes, coma, bradycardia, shivering decreases, pale or cyanotic, hallucinations, slurred speech, confusion
A patient is trying to quit alcohol. Which medication can be prescribed to reduce cravings?
Disulfiram discourages alcohol use by causing unpleasant effects if alcohol is consumed
What is the difference between grandiose delusions and persecutory delusions?
Grandiose: are manifested by a highly inflated self-regard.
Persecutory: are disturbingly common, people may think God is punishing them, that the FBI is spying on them or that they mayor is harassing them
Child abuse risk factors
child is...
seen as different, fragile, reminds parent of someone they dislike, does not live up to parents' fantasy, result of unwanted pregnancy, emotional bonding was interrupted due to prematurity or prolonged illness
Why would a pt be prescribed lithium carbonate?
For bipolar disorder, Mood stabilization and maintenance therapy.
What thermoregulation mechanism is uncommon in newborns?
shivering
A patient is undergoing alcohol withdrawal. Which symptom indicates the patient is at risk for delirium tremens (DTs)?
confusion, hallucinations and fever
Lithium Carbonate contraindications
kidney/heart disease, thyroid disorder, pregnancy, breastfeeding, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, serotonin meds
Examination steps for sexual assault
1. head to toe physical assessment for signs of injury
2. detailed genital examination
3. evidence collection and preservation
4. documentation of physical findings
5. treatment, discharge planning, and follow up care
What are some common anticonvulsant drugs for bipolar disorder treatment?
Valproate (Depakote), Carbamazepine (Equetro), and Lamotrigine (Lamictal).
When treating a heat related emergency, what is the priority treatment for the patient?
stabilize ABCs