Drugs Affecting GI Secretions
What class of drugs blocks histamine receptors to reduce stomach acid?
Histamine-2 Antagonist
What is the most common bulk-forming laxative?
Psyllium - Metamucil
What drug class includes ondansetron (Zofran)?
5-HT3 Receptor Blockers
What common side effect occurs with proton pump inhibitors?
Increased risk of fractures with long-term use
Why should patients take PPIs before meals?
They need to be absorbed before acid production begins
What is the primary indication for proton pump inhibitors?
GERD & Peptic Ulcer Disease
Which type of laxative draws water into the intestines to soften stool?
Osmotic Laxatives - Polyethylene Glycol
Which antiemetic class is primarily used for chemotherapy-induced nausea?
Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonists - Aprepitant
What major electrolyte imbalance is caused by excessive laxative use?
Hypokalemia & dehydration
What is an important teaching point for patients taking sucralfate?
Take on an empty stomach, separate from other meds
What is a key nursing consideration for patients taking antacids
Separate from other meds by at least 1-2 hours
Why should stimulant laxatives be used cautiously?
Can cause dependency & electrolyte imbalances
What serious side effect can phenothiazines like promethazine cause?
Sedation & Extrapyramidal Symptoms - EPS
Why should patients on H2 blockers be monitored for mental status changes?
Can cause confusion, especially in elderly patients)
What should be monitored in patients taking long-term laxatives?
Signs of dependency & bowel function changes
Which GI protectant forms a barrier over ulcers to aid healing?
Sucralfate
Which opioid antagonist is used to treat opioid-induced constipation?
Methylnaltrexone
Why are antiemetics used cautiously in children?
Increased risk of CNS effects & fluid imbalances
What should be assessed before giving an antiemetic to a pregnant patient?
Safety in pregnancy & risk to fetus - avoid in 1st trimester when possible
How can patients reduce nausea naturally?
Small frequent meals, avoid strong odors, stay hydrated
What pregnancy-related risk is associated with prostaglandins like misoprostol?
Can cause miscarriage and excessive bleeding
What is a contraindication for antidiarrheal agents like loperamide?
Infectious diarrhea - can worsen infection
What is a non-pharmacological strategy to reduce nausea?
Small frequent meals, ginger, avoiding strong odors
What is a major risk when taking opioids & antiemetics together?
Increased CNS depression & risk of respiratory suppression
What lifestyle changes help prevent acid reflux & GERD?
Elevate head of bed, avoid spicy/fatty foods, don’t eat before bed