A pathologic systolic crecendo-decrecendo murmur heard best in the RUSB
What is Aortic Stenosis
100
Most common cause of aortic stenosis in adults over 65yo
What is Aortic calcification
100
Left heart systolic murmur that increases with isometric hand grip and exhalation.
What are Mitral regurgitation
100
The most common cause of Mitral stenosis worldwide
What is Rheumatic fever
100
The most common cause of pericarditis
What is viral (coxsackievirus A or B, echovirus, adenovirus are a few common viruses).
200
A holosystolic murmur heard best in the apex radiating to the left axilla
What is Mitral regurgitation
200
Most common cause of Aortic regurgitation (aortic insufficiency)
What is Bicuspid aortic valve
200
The reason why inspiration intensifies the murmurs of Pulmonary stenosis and tricuspid regurg
What is increase blood flow through the right heart to fill lungs through the negative pressure created in the cheat cavity during inspiration
200
A common complication of infective endocarditis
What is Mitral Stenosis (also acceptable is mitral regurgitation and aortic valvular disease). However, the most common valvular complication is mitral stenosis.
200
The mechanism of action of warfarin and the clotting factors affected by it's ingestion.
What is the inhibitor of epoxide reductase
What are Factors II, VII, IX, X, S and C (S and C required for correct answer)
300
A holosystolic murmur heard best at the LLSB
What is Tricuspid regurgitation
300
The mnemonic A-S-H
What is Angina, Syncope and Heart Failure
This is for aortic stenosis and helps to define the severity of the disease. Patients that have angina have, on average, 5 years left to live without treatment. Patients with AS and syncope have around 3 years and those with heart failure symptoms with AS have about one year without treatment.
300
The reason that isometric hand grip intensifies murmurs of left heart regurgitation
What is the increase in SVR or afterload causing the blood to flow the path of least resistance (back to the heart)
300
The common cause of the mid-systolic click
What is Mitral Valve prolapse
300
The usual way to diagnose a pericardial effusion
What is cardiac ultrasound (echocardiogram)
400
A harsh pansystolic murmur along left mid- and left lower-sternal border in a newborn
What is Ventricular septal defect
400
Two findings commonly seen on EKG of patients with Aortic stenosis
What is Left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement
400
The two maneuvers that increase the murmur of HOCM
What are valsalva and standing
400
Common arrhythmic complication of mitral stenosis due to the stretching of the left atrium
What is atrial fibrillation
400
The 2 equations for pulse pressure, how it is affected be Aortic regurgitation/insufficiancy and why
What is PP=SV/Compliance = SBP-DBP. AI increases PP by a slight increase in SV and decrease in Diastolic BP due to the regurgitant jet.
500
A highly muscial systolic murmur heard best in the LLSB radiating to the apex
What is Gallavardin phenomenon
500
The cause of the gallavardin phenomenon
What is Aortic Sclerosis
500
How you would determine between the murmur of Mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation and why.
What is inspiration and expiration. Inspiration will intensify the right sided murmurs and expiration, the left sided murmurs.
500
The mechanism for the presence of an acute onset/new holosystolic murmur radiating to the axilla following an MI and the presence of pulmonary congestion on exam
What is Pappillary muscle rupture
500
The difference between restrictive and obstructive airway disease Spirograms (through diagrams on the board)