Random
What is the term for the manipulation of organisms or their components to produce useful products?
Biotechnology
How many copies of DNA can PCR make in a few hours?
Billions
What is the name for a method of determining, base by base, the nucleotide sequence of a fragment of DNA?
DNA sequencing
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA based on what?
Mass and charge
Does DNA fingerprinting involve actual fingerprints?
No
What is the process of generating large amounts of DNA?
DNA amplification
What is the term for when DNA is unwound using heat to break H bonds?
Denaturation
What is the difference between a dideoxynucleotide and a deoxynucleotide?
Dideoxynucleotides have an H where deoxynucleotides have an OH
Which travels further during gel electrophoresis, long or short segments of DNA?
Short
Everyone's DNA is unique with the exception of:
Identical twins
What does PCR stand for?
Polymerase chain reaction
What is the term for when the temperature is lowered to 55 degrees Celcius (allowing primers to attach)?
Annealing
What is the purpose of a dideoxynucleotide in manual sequencing?
It inhibits DNA polymerase and stops DNA synthesis
What do the salts in the buffer carry?
Electric charge
What does RFLP stand for?
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
What is Taq polymerase named after?
thermus aquaticus bacteria
What is the term for when temperature is increased to 72 degrees Celcius (for addition of complimentary nucleotides by Taq polymerase)?
Extension
When was manual sequencing first developed?
1977
Is DNA positively or negatively charged?
Negative
What does STR stand for?
Short tandem repeat
Who developed manual sequencing?
Frederick Sanger
Name all four requirements of PCR
DNA (or target sequence)
Nucleotides
DNA polymerase (or Taq polymerase)
DNA primers
What is the point of sequencing your DNA?
Helps you better understand medical problems, assess risk of future problems, know what genes you will pass on etc.
What happens if you run gel electrophoresis for too long?
The DNA will migrate off the end of the gel
In an STR profile, which peak will be taller? An STR with a low mass, or with a high mass?
Low mass