Skeletal system
Name the bone most proximal in the arm
Humerus
Name the type of muscle that are under direct, conscious control
Skeletal muscle
How does the diaphragm move during exhalation?
it moves upwards
Name the 4 chambers of the heart
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
What is an acute direct injury?
acute = sudden
direct = the result of an external force
eg: being hit in the hand by a ball and breaking a finger
Joints are formed where bones meet. Name 4 types of joints.
ball and socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, gliding, condyloid
which muscle fibre type is red in colour?
slow twitch
in gaseous exchange, o2 and Co2 move from areas of ____ to ____ concentration
high to low
What are 4 components of blood?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Which is not a physical aid that supports the musculoskeletal system:
Sunglasses in cricket, mouth guards in AFL, taping an ankle in High Jump, Helmet in motorsport.
Sunglasses
Name 4 functions of the skeletal system
support/structure, protection, blood cell production, movement, storage of minerals
Name the agonist muscle in elbow extension
elbow
What is the formula for working out Ventillation? define all terms used
V = RR x TV
RR = breaths per min
TV = amount of O2 per breath
V = amount of O2 inhaled/exhlaed per min
What is stroke volume?
How does it change when doing
a) submaximal intensity exercise?
b) maximal intensity exercise?
SV - the amount of blood pushed out of the heart in one beat
a) it increases from resting levels (pumps more blood per beat
b) it reaches it's maximum and cannot continue to increase
Name 3 sociocultural influences that may influence an athlete to use illegal performance enhancement methods
peers using, coach expectation, public pressure to win, scheduling of events that don't leave adequate recovery time, financial rewards, lure of fame, national honour,
The vertebral column has 5 sections. From proximal to distal they are:
C_______
T_______
L_______
Sacrum
Coccyx
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
The number of motor units that respond to stimulation from the brain is referred to as _____________.
hint: fewer motor units produces less force, more motor units produces more force.
Recruitment
Explain a-vO2 difference and why it increases during exercise
the difference in the amount of O2 in arteries and veins.
It increases during exercise because there is more in the artries due to increased ventilation and the muscles take more O2, leaving less in the veins
Do the kidneys get a higher or lower percentage of the body's blood supply during exercise? how does this change happen?
Lower %
Answer should mention redistribution via vasoconstriction
What criteria need to be met for WADA to put a substance on the banned list?
Improves performance
Harmful to athlete health
Spirit of sport
*2 out of 3
Fixed/Fibrous Joints, Cartilaginous Joints, and Synovial Joints are the 3 types of joints in the body. Name a place on the body where you find each of them
Fibrous: skull or pelvis
Cartilaginous: ribs or lumbar vertibrae
Synovial: hip, knee, elbow, shoulder
Explain an eccentric muscle contraction, give an example
when a muscle lengthens while tension is developed (eg: biceps eccentrically contract while lowering the weight in a bicep curl)
Explain EPOC (including what it stands for)
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
It is when you breathe heavily after finishing activity as you need to pay back the oxygen deficit you build up at the start of exercise
Explain the path of blood from the aorta through the body and back to the aorta
aorta, arteries, muscles, veins, inferior/superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, (lungs), pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
What sport might find it's athletes using EPO? Explain how EPO would improve performance.
Athletes in endurance sports with a long duration.
EPO improves performance by getting the body increase it's natural production of RBCs which increases O2 devilery to the muscles and allows the athlete to work at higher intensities for a long time