Team Cohesion
Debriefing activities debrief both _______ and _______.
Content/ Process
Athletes must control the _______ and ______ of their attention.
Width/ Direction
True or False: Affirmations are positive statements about oneself that are always true.
False
Affirmations: “Statements that reflect positive attitudes or thoughts about oneself. They are statements about what you want, phrased as if you already had it,” (Williams, p. 295).
How do Locke and Latham (2002) define goals?
An objective or aim of action. Attaining a specific standard of proficiency on a task, usually within a specific time limit.
What are three symptoms of under-arousal and three symptoms of over-arousal?
Under-arousal: Slow HR, Boredom, and lack of focus
Over-arousal:
Physical- Increased HR, tight muscles, sweating
Mental- worrying, decreased motivation, narrow focus
Other- withdrawal, avoidance, fear
Ideally, what are three things that you should do before you start working with a team?
1. Understand the demands of the sport
2. Assess the group's needs
3. Observe
Broad sense, athletes need to pay attention to ______ cues while blocking out _______.
Task-relevant/ Distractions
When changing negative thoughts to more positive thoughts, ________________ is looking at the situation from a different perspective, while ________________ uses facts to refute the belief.
Reframing/Countering
What are the four ways that goals influence performance?
2. Mobilize effort
3. Increase persistence
4. Employ/learn new strategies
More persistent
More likely to have less negative reactions to failure
What factors create a cohesive team?
1. Environmental factors
2. Personal Factors
3. Leadership factors
4. Team factors
Name three strategies to improve focus/concentration geared toward internal distractions:
1. Cues and triggers
2. Tic-toc
3. Turning failure into success
4. Biofeedback
5. Exercises to increase focus and refocusing skills (concentration grid)
6. Performing protocols- pre and post performance routines
Name four self-talk strategies:
Affirmations, negative thought stopping cues, countering, reframing, ABC cognitive restructuring
What are three benefits of goal setting?
1. Increased performance
2. Increased positive thoughts
3. Increased confidence
What is the theory that optimal performance occurs at an intermediate level of arousal and that at very high and very low levels of arousal will result in impaired/sub-optimal performance?
Inverted-U Hypothesis
What are four different ways to assess teams?
1. Observations
2. Talking to the team- consultant can use observations as a talking point with clients
3. Performance profile- can identify the characteristics/qualities the team wants to work on
4. Coach feedback- input from coaches or manages to better understand the team's dynamics
Name three strategies to improve focus/concentration that are geared for external distractions:
1. Dress Rehearsal
2. Simulation training
3. Visualization/ Mental rehearsal
Who founded the Self-Efficacy theory and what are the six principles?
Albert Bandura
1. Performance accomplishments
2. Vicarious experience
3. Physiological state
4. Verbal Persuasion
5. Emotional State
6. Imagery
What are three things that are a part of a sport psychology professionals' role in regard to goal setting?
Teaching goal setting principles
Holding the athlete accountable
Providing a framework for the goal setting
What are causes of over-arousal?
Negative cognitive appraisal, Irrational thinking, Focusing on outcome, Increased expectations, Trait anxiety, Environmental factors
What are the 6 main elements of a good debrief?
1. Boundaries/ Permission
2. Purpose
3. Focus
4. Responsibility
5. Structure
6. Closure
The concentration grid can be used to do what three things?
1. Build awareness of focus ability
2. Try out a refocusing technique
3. Check for changes in focusing ability
What are ways to build self-talk awareness?
2. Self-talk log
3. Imagery
Define outcome goals, performance goals, and process goals.
Outcome goals are those goals related to the desired result of a competition.
Performance goals refer to an athlete’s performance in relation to his or her own previous performance.
Process goals are even more under an athlete’s control than is a performance goal, and can be defined as how an athlete performs a particular skill or executes a certain strategy.
Name three muscle to mind techniques and three mind to muscle techniques:
Muscle to mind: Circle breath, rhythmic breathing, ratio breathing, 5-to-1 count, concentration breathing
Mind to muscle: Meditation, relaxing imagery, autogenic training, thought stopping