Theory
Developed by Johan Galtung, this foundational concept argues that peace is not only the absence of violence but the presence of social systems that prevent future conflict.
Positive Peace
Signed in 1998, this agreement brought an end to three decades of sectarian violence in Northern Ireland through power-sharing and constitutional reform.
Good Friday
More than 39,000 children in this territory have lost one or both parents since October 2023 — a figure described as the largest orphan crisis in modern history.
The Gaza Strip
Often used before mediation or arbitration, this collaborative, interest-based process allows disputants to craft their own agreement with the help of a neutral facilitator.
Negotations
After more than 50 years of armed conflict, this 2016 accord included disarmament, transitional justice, and rural reform, formally ending the war with a major guerrilla group.
the FARC
April 2025 Sudan brought a case before this world court accusing what country of violating the Genocide Convention by allegedly supporting the Rapid Support Forces in Darfur... HINT: they are largest importer of Sudans gold
UAE or United Arab Emerites
In sociology, the third place refers to the social surroundings that are separate from the two usual social environments of home ("first place") and the workplace ("second place").
Third spaces
Created to address over 100,000 genocide-related cases, these community-based courts emphasized truth-telling, accountability, and reintegration rather than strictly punitive justice.
the Gacaca Courts?
This court ordered an arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin...
The international Criminal court or The Hague
This sociologist argued that conflict is inherent in social structures because authority and legitimacy—not just economic class—shape domination. His “Three Types of Authority” remain central to understanding modern state power.
Max Webber
Ending a 36-years of state violence 1996, these accords between the government and the URNG included commitments to Indigenous rights, demilitarization, and a truth commission.
the Guatemalan Peace Accords?
This climate activist faced backlash from several governments in 2023–2024 after publicly expressing solidarity with Palestinians, leading to diplomatic criticism and her removal from a UN climate panel event.
Greta Thunberg
Proposed by Pierre Bourdieu, this concept explains how social advantages are reproduced through schools and cultural norms rather than wealth alone, enabling elites to maintain status across generations.
Cultural Capital / Social Capital
Known for championing “restorative justice,” this South African cleric chaired the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, insisting that exposing the truth of apartheid-era abuses was essential for national healing.
Desmond Tutu?
Since 2022, this independent U.N. expert has reported annually on alleged violations in the occupied Palestinian territories, drawing international attention — and even U.S. sanctions — for her criticism of state and external involvement in the Gaza conflict.
The U.N. Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories OR Francesca Albanese?