What are the openings in the ocean flower where water seeps through and is heated by the underlying magma called?
hydrothermal vents
200
What do we call the unwanted fish caught by commercial companies? On average, which percent of fish do companies throw away?
by-catch, 30%
200
What do we call lumps of minerals scattered across the ocean floor?
Nodules
200
What is a dead zone in the ocean?
areas where no plants or animals can live
300
Why are kelp forests found only in waters near shore?
They need sunlight to grow, and only in near shore zones will sunlight reach all the way to the bottom.
300
What are the two layers of the open ocean, and what is the major difference between the fwo layers?
The surface zone and deep zone. Sunlight only reaches the surface zone.
300
Which substance that can be found in tuna is especially dangerous for pregnant women and their developing babies?
mercury
300
Why are many of the ocean's resources not being mined?
because it is more expensive to remove resources from the ocean than it is from the land
300
What causes dead zones in the ocean?
human waste and sewage
400
What are two reasons coral reefs are among the most endangered habitats?
pollution and destructive fishing practices
400
Explain how life can thrive in the deep ocean floor even though there is no nautral sunlight that reaches those areas.
There are special bacteria that use chemicals from the hydrothermal vents to make their own food (chemosynthesis). They are the base of the food web.
400
Name two ways in which aqualculture is harmful to the environment.
Large amounts of fish waste are often released into the ocean waters surrounding fish farms, causing damage to plants and animals. Plants and animals can be cleared from an area to make room for aquaculture. Chemicals added to water in fish farms may end up in the ocean.
400
What drops sediments that contain diamonds, lead, and other valuable minerals into the ocean?
rivers that empty into the sea
400
Name one way (from the reading) that individuals can prevent ocean pollution.
Proper disposal of household chemicals or other toxic substances (oil).
500
Name three characteristics of near shore ecosystems that allow them to support a high level of biodiversity.
sunlight, high nutrients, constant temperature and salinity from surface to bottom
500
Name one common adaptation for aquatic organisms in both the surface zone and deep zone. Explain why each adaptation is important.
Surface zone - air-filled organ (air bladder) that helps organisms stay afloat.
Deep zone - glow in the dark body parts that help them to attract prey
500
Sometimes you eat or use seaweed without even realizing it. Give one example of each.
Eat - algae are commonly used to thicken cheese, ice cream, and pudding. Use - they are used in shaving cream and pesticides
500
Explain where I would find most of the following ocean resources - energy resources, minerals, and nodules.
energy resources and minerals - near shore. nodules - found away from the coast.
500
List two ways in which the United Nation's 1994 Law of the Sea helps to manage ocean resources and conserve ocean environments.
enforces pollution rules for ships operating in international waters, implements fishing regulations, and attempts to divide rights to undersea resources