Acute
A physical therapist is working with a patient who had abdominal surgery and has a Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain in place. The therapist notices that the drain must be emptied regularly. How long can a Jackson-Pratt drain typically remain in place after surgery?
A) 1-2 weeks
B) 1-5 weeks
C) 6-8 weeks
D) 10-12 weeks
Answer: B) 1-5 weeks
Rationale: A Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain can remain in place for 1-5 weeks to help empty excess fluid after surgery.
A patient is being treated for mild hypoxemia and is prescribed a regular nasal cannula. What is the typical flow rate range for a regular nasal cannula?
A) 1-3 Lpm
B) 1-6 Lpm
C) 6-15 Lpm
D) 10-15 Lpm
Answer: B) 1-6 Lpm
Rationale: A regular nasal cannula is typically used for treating mild hypoxemia and delivers oxygen at a flow rate of 1-6 Lpm.
A patient is post-op from a subacromial decompression surgery. During the first 0-2 weeks post-surgery, what is the primary goal of rehabilitation?
A) Gradual restoration of strength and endurance
B) Restore full active range of motion
C) Promote wound healing, gradual increase in passive range of motion, and decrease pain and inflammation
D) Emphasize dynamic stability and neuromuscular control
Answer: C) Promote wound healing, gradual increase in passive range of motion, and decrease pain and inflammation
Rationale: In the 0-2 week phase post-subacromial decompression, the focus is on promoting wound healing, gradually increasing passive range of motion, and decreasing pain and inflammation
A researcher is studying the effects of three different rehabilitation programs on both gait speed and balance in patients with stroke. The researcher decides to use MANOVA to analyze the data. What is the primary advantage of using MANOVA over separate ANOVAs for gait speed and balance?
A) MANOVA accounts for the interaction between the two dependent variables, allowing for a more holistic analysis of the rehabilitation programs.
B) MANOVA requires fewer participants than conducting separate ANOVAs for each dependent variable.
C) MANOVA is better suited for analyzing categorical data.
D) MANOVA allows for the calculation of the correlation between the two dependent variables.
Answer: A) MANOVA accounts for the interaction between the two dependent variables, allowing for a more holistic analysis of the rehabilitation programs.
Rationale: MANOVA is used when there are two or more dependent variables, and it allows researchers to assess the effect of independent variables on multiple dependent variables simultaneously. It also accounts for the potential interaction between these dependent variables, which could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of the rehabilitation programs. Using separate ANOVAs may not account for any correlation or interaction between the dependent variables.
A patient is severely hypoxic and is receiving emergency oxygen therapy via a full non-rebreather face mask. What is the primary difference between a partial non-rebreather mask and a full non-rebreather mask?
A) The full non-rebreather mask delivers oxygen at a flow rate of up to 15 Lpm.
B) The full non-rebreather mask uses two one-way valves for improved oxygen delivery.
C) The full non-rebreather mask has a lower flow rate than the partial non-rebreather mask.
D) The full non-rebreather mask requires no reservoir bag.
Answer: B) The full non-rebreather mask uses two one-way valves for improved oxygen delivery.
Rationale: The full non-rebreather face mask has two one-way valves (unlike the partial mask with one valve), which allows it to deliver up to 25 Lpm of oxygen to severely hypoxic patients.
A patient in the ICU is receiving an arterial line in the femoral artery to monitor arterial blood pressure and obtain blood samples. Which of the following is an essential consideration when the patient is mobilized?
A) The pressure bag should be deflated during mobilization.
B) The transducer must be maintained at heart level during mobility.
C) Blood pressure readings are accurate even with a kinked line.
D) Arterial blood samples can be drawn only after the catheter is removed.
Answer: B) The transducer must be maintained at heart level during mobility.
Rationale: To ensure accurate arterial pressure readings, the transducer must be maintained at heart level during mobilization. Kinked lines can provide inaccurate readings.
A physical therapist is working with a patient requiring high-flow oxygen therapy via a green tube. What is the typical flow rate range for a high-flow nasal cannula?
A) 1-6 Lpm
B) 6-15 Lpm
C) 5-10 Lpm
D) 10-15 Lpm
Answer: B) 6-15 Lpm
Rationale: High-flow nasal cannulas (often indicated by a green tube) typically deliver oxygen at a flow rate of 6-15 Lpm.
A patient has undergone Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA) for shoulder stiffness. During the first 1 to 10 days post-MUA, what is the primary goal for rehabilitation?
A) Gradual restoration of strength and endurance
B) Decrease pain and inflammation, and promote passive range of motion without pain provocation
C) Full restoration of active range of motion
D) Begin return to functional activities
Answer: B) Decrease pain and inflammation, and promote passive range of motion without pain provocation
Rationale: The initial 1 to 10 days post-MUA focus on decreasing pain and inflammation while promoting gradual passive range of motion without pain provocation
A physical therapist is conducting a study to compare the effectiveness of two different exercise programs for improving gait speed in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The therapist collects data on gait speed from two groups of patients but the data is not normally distributed. Which of the following statistical tests would be most appropriate to analyze the data from this study?
A) Independent t-test
B) Paired t-test
C) Mann-Whitney U test
D) Pearson’s correlation coefficient
Answer: C) Mann-Whitney U test
Rationale: The Mann-Whitney U test is a nonparametric test used to compare differences between two independent groups when the data is not normally distributed. This test is appropriate when the assumptions for parametric tests, such as normality, are not met. The other options are parametric tests or measures not appropriate for non-normally distributed data.
A severely hypoxic patient in an emergency situation requires an oxygen delivery system. Which of the following is true about the full non-rebreather face mask?
A) It can deliver up to 25 Lpm of oxygen.
B) It can be used for mild hypoxemia.
C) The reservoir must be emptied before use.
D) It is only used for COPD patients.
Answer: A) It can deliver up to 25 Lpm of oxygen.
Rationale: A full non-rebreather mask can deliver up to 25 Lpm of oxygen, making it suitable for emergency situations where high concentrations of oxygen are needed for severely hypoxic patients.
A physical therapist is working with a patient who has a central venous pressure (CVP) line inserted in the radial artery. The therapist notices the CVP reading is within the normal range of 0-8 cm H2O. Which of the following does the CVP measure?
A) Left ventricular preload
B) Right atrial pressure and preload
C) Pulmonary artery pressure
D) Systemic vascular resistance
Answer: B) Right atrial pressure and preload
Rationale: The central venous pressure (CVP) reflects right atrial pressure and preload, providing an indication of fluid status and right heart function.
A patient with COPD requires precise oxygen delivery. Which of the following oxygen delivery systems is the most suitable for this patient?
A) Regular nasal cannula
B) High flow nasal cannula
C) Venturi mask
D) Non-rebreather face mask
Answer: C) Venturi mask
Rationale: A Venturi mask is used for high-flow oxygen therapy that delivers a precise oxygen concentration, making it particularly useful for COPD patients who require exact oxygen levels.
A patient has undergone a Type II SLAP labral repair. What is the primary goal for rehabilitation during the 0 to 6 weeks post-surgery?
A) Gradual restoration of strength and endurance
B) Protect the repair, prevent negative effects of immobilization, and promote dynamic stability
C) Restore full active range of motion
D) Return to sport activities
Answer: B) Protect the repair, prevent negative effects of immobilization, and promote dynamic stability
Rationale: During the 0-6 week phase post-labral repair, the main goals are to protect the repair, prevent the negative effects of immobilization, and promote dynamic stability.
A physical therapist wants to compare the effectiveness of three different exercise programs on improving balance in elderly patients. The therapist collects data on balance scores from three groups of patients, each receiving one of the exercise programs. After analyzing the data, the therapist uses a one-way ANOVA. What is the primary purpose of conducting this analysis?
A) To determine if there is a significant difference between the means of the three groups
B) To determine if the variances within the groups are equal
C) To compare the balance scores of individual patients within each group
D) To calculate the correlation between the exercise programs and balance scores
Answer: A) To determine if there is a significant difference between the means of the three groups
Rationale: One-way ANOVA is used to compare the means of three or more independent groups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them. This test is appropriate when comparing the effects of different interventions (in this case, exercise programs) on an outcome (balance scores).
A patient is 8 weeks post-op from a rotator cuff repair. Which of the following is the primary focus of rehabilitation during the 6 to 12-week phase?
A) Begin return to sport activities
B) Full passive range of motion and initiating active range of motion
C) Protect the repair and prevent overstressing the tendon
D) Gradual return to advanced functional activities
Answer: B) Full passive range of motion and initiating active range of motion
Rationale: During the 6 to 12 weeks post-rotator cuff repair, rehabilitation focuses on restoring full passive range of motion and beginning active range of motion without overstressing the repair.
A critically ill patient in the ICU has a Swan-Ganz catheter in place for hemodynamic monitoring. The catheter is most useful for which of the following?
A) Monitoring respiratory rate
B) Measuring cardiac output and fluid status
C) Measuring brain pressure
D) Monitoring peripheral circulation
Answer: B) Measuring cardiac output and fluid status
Rationale: The Swan-Ganz catheter, or pulmonary artery catheter (PAC), is primarily used to monitor hemodynamic status, including cardiac output and fluid status, in critically ill patients.
A patient requires humidified air and medication delivery as part of their oxygen therapy. The non-rebreather face mask is prescribed. What is the typical flow rate range for this mask?
A) 1-6 Lpm
B) 5-10 Lpm
C) 10-15 Lpm
D) 15-25 Lpm
Answer: B) 5-10 Lpm
Rationale: A non-rebreather face mask delivers oxygen at 5-10 Lpm, provides less irritation, and allows for the delivery of humidified air and medications
A patient is post-op from a rotator cuff repair. During the first 0-6 weeks, what is the primary focus of rehabilitation?
A) Gradual restoration of strength and endurance
B) Full passive and active range of motion
C) Maintain integrity of the repair, protect the subscapularis, and promote wound healing
D) Gradual return to sport
Answer: C) Maintain integrity of the repair, protect the subscapularis, and promote wound healing
Rationale: During the first 0-6 weeks post-rotator cuff repair, the focus is on maintaining the integrity of the repair, protecting the subscapularis (if repaired), and promoting wound healing.
A physical therapist collects data on the flexibility of patients' hamstrings using a sit-and-reach test. The data collected has a high degree of variability. Which of the following measures of variation would be most appropriate to report to describe how spread out the data is?
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Range
D) Median
Answer: C) Range
Rationale: The range is a measure of variation that describes the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a data set. It is commonly used to indicate the spread or variability of the data. Although other measures such as the mean or median describe central tendency, the range is best for understanding the extent of variability in the data. The standard deviation would also be appropriate, but the range is the most basic measure.
A patient who underwent Type II SLAP labral repair is now in the 7-12 week post-op period. What is the primary rehabilitation goal at this stage?
A) Gradual return to sport activities
B) Restore full range of motion and strength, protect the repair
C) Begin return to functional activities
D) Continue to emphasize dynamic stability and protect the repair
Answer: B) Restore full range of motion and strength, protect the repair
Rationale: In the 7-12 week phase post-labral repair, rehabilitation focuses on restoring full range of motion (by week 10), protecting the repair, and restoring strength.
A patient with a Swan-Ganz catheter is being monitored in the ICU. The physical therapist is concerned about complications related to catheter placement. Which of the following is a critical consideration for safely managing the catheter during mobility?
A) The catheter can be safely removed at any time without affecting patient status.
B) The catheter must be flushed regularly with saline to prevent occlusion.
C) The transducer must always be kept at the heart level to ensure accurate readings.
D) The catheter placement should not be disturbed during passive range of motion exercises.
Answer: C) The transducer must always be kept at the heart level to ensure accurate readings.
Rationale: For accurate readings, the transducer of the Swan-Ganz catheter must be kept at heart level during patient mobility. Improper positioning may result in inaccurate hemodynamic measurements.
A physical therapist is working with a patient who is using a partial non-rebreather face mask. This mask has a single one-way valve and can deliver oxygen at a flow rate of 10-15 Lpm. Which of the following is TRUE about this mask?
A) It has two one-way valves.
B) It can deliver up to 25 Lpm.
C) It has a reservoir that must be inflated prior to use.
D) It delivers a precise amount of oxygen for patients with COPD.
Answer: C) It has a reservoir that must be inflated prior to use.
Rationale: A partial non-rebreather face mask has a single one-way valve and can deliver 10-15 Lpm. It also has a reservoir that must be inflated prior to use to ensure proper oxygen delivery.
A patient is 8 weeks post-op from a subacromial decompression. What is the primary goal of rehabilitation during the 6 to 12-week phase?
A) Restore neuromuscular control
B) Continue to promote healing and control pain and inflammation
C) Gradual restoration of strength and endurance
D) Gradual return to sport activities
Answer: B) Continue to promote healing and control pain and inflammation
Rationale: During the 6 to 12 weeks post-subacromial decompression, the focus continues to be on restoring passive range of motion, increasing active range of motion, controlling pain, and promoting healing.
A researcher is conducting a study to compare the effectiveness of two different rehabilitation techniques for improving shoulder mobility in patients post-rotator cuff surgery. The study utilizes a crossover design, where participants receive both treatments in a random order, with a washout period between the two interventions. What is a primary advantage of using a crossover design in this type of study?
A) It allows for a larger sample size due to the use of multiple groups.
B) It minimizes variability by having participants serve as their own control, which improves the reliability of results.
C) It is more time-efficient than parallel group designs because only one intervention is used at a time.
D) It eliminates the need for a washout period between interventions.
Answer: B) It minimizes variability by having participants serve as their own control, which improves the reliability of results.
Rationale: A crossover design is beneficial because each participant receives both interventions in a randomized order, allowing them to serve as their own control. This helps to reduce variability between groups, making the results more reliable. A washout period is essential to ensure that the effects of the first intervention do not carry over into the second intervention phase.
A physical therapist is conducting a study to evaluate whether a new exercise program improves patient mobility more than the standard program. The therapist hypothesizes that the new program will result in better mobility scores than the standard program, but does not expect it to result in worse scores. Which type of hypothesis test would be most appropriate for this study?
A) Two-tailed test
B) One-tailed test
C) Paired t-test
D) Chi-square test
Answer: B) One-tailed test
Rationale: A one-tailed test is appropriate when the research hypothesis specifies the direction of the expected effect, as in this case, where the therapist predicts that the new program will improve mobility scores (but not worsen them). A two-tailed test would be used if the researcher were testing for a difference in either direction (i.e., improvement or deterioration).