Neuro
early- changes in LOC, headache, n/v, bulging fontanels, high-pitch cry
late- bradycardia, seizures, dilated/fixed pupils, widened pulse pressure.
name three nursing implications for hemophilia?
-prevent bleeding episodes, pain management, physical therapy, psychosocial, parent teaching
Name at least 2 pediatric differences?
smaller bladder capacity, kidney function is slower, susceptible to injury, decreased bladder control
name the three different depths of burns?
superficial burns, partial thickness, full thickness
what degree is considered scoliosis?
lateral curvature of the spine in the front plane more than 10 degrees
what types of seizure have loss of consciousness?
-myoclonic
-simple
-Absence
what is the S/S of Hodgkins lymphoma?
-swollen supraclavicular lymph nodes, night sweats, fever, weight loss
What is enuresis? Describe primary vs secondary enuresis?
Involuntary voiding by a child who is developmentally able to control bladder (5-6).
Primary- never had a dry night
Secondary- 6 months after being dry child has involuntary voiding
what risk factors are associated with more frequent otitis media?
winter, childcare centers, propping bottles, pacifier use, smoking households, allergies, cleft lip, down syndrome
what foods are safe for celiac disease?
-fruits
-veg
-meat and poultry
-seafood
-dairy
why are concussion more worrisome in children? And how do we treat them?
- Children have less neck muscles, lower BMI, longer recovery, prolonged swelling, increase likelihood of permanent damage.
- avoid screen time (over stimulation) , return to learn, guided physical activities until free of symptoms, stepped progression into activities.
what is beta thalassemia? what complications occur?
-fragile RBCs that undergo a shortened lifespan
complications: iron overload (transfusions and RBC destruction), weak bones, CHF s/s, Jaundice, splenomegaly, bronzed skin.
What is nephrotic syndrome and what are the s/s?
Nephrotic syndrome is the inability to reabsorb filtered proteins.
Edema, weight gain, proteinuria, hypoalbumenemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercoagulation, altered immunity
what is the rule for treating hypoglycemia?
-15g carbs
-test again in 15 min and retreat if BG less than or equal to 70
-If BG ok give high protein snack if next meal is more than 30 min away
-if BG less than 70 x3 then retreat with 15 gm carbs and seek medical care
Childs weight was recorded three days ago as 11lbs. He had recently been extremely lethargic, has not eat much and you suspect dehydration. His current weight is 9lbs. what degree of dehydration is the child undergoing?
moderate dehydration 8.26%
What are the nursing care implementations in Pt with cerebral palsy?
-nutrition (slow eaters, NG tube sometimes needed)
-communication (find good ways to communicate with them)
-skin (pressure ulcers)
-mobility (gait, O2 intake, aids)
-medications (antispasmodic, botox, baclofen pump)
-foster development (early interventions)
What's the difference between acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia? Which one is more common?
ALL is the proliferation of abnormal lymphocytes WBC and AML is the proliferation of abnormal myeloid WBCs.
ALL is more common!
What is the most common cause of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis? Name 3 things excreted in urine?
Most common cause is Group B strep
Excretion of protein, RBC, and red blood cell casts
what congenital heart defects effect the obstructive systemic blood flow and name two s/s?
-aortic stenosis
-coarctation of the aorta
-poor general color, decreased perfusion, low cardiac output, pulmonary edema, cool extremities
what causes bronchiolitis? and how do you treat it?
RSV
fluids, nasal suction, antipyretics, cuddles, rest, isolation in private room or kid with same diagnosis
what are the differences in treatment of bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis? what one is more severe? how are there diagnoses different?
Bacterial involved aggressive antibiotics and isolation precautions.
Viral involves Tylenol, low stimuli, and recovery in 3-10 days.
Bacterial has more severe effects
bacteria will be visual in the lumbar Puncture.
Name and explain the 4 treatment phases of ALL?
Induction phase- max cell death and remission
Consolidation-solidify remission/prevent resistant cells
Delayed intensification- continue to kill cells
Maintenance of remission- 2 yrs in length, any lingering cells killed
What is Hemolytic uremic syndrome? What is the triad? What is the most common cause?
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is damage to kidneys due to blood clots and occlusions.
Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure
E. coli
name the stages of Kawasaki disease and at least two s/s of each?
acute stage 1-2wk s/s strawberry tongue, swollen hands and feet
subacute stage 2-4 wks s/s cracking lips/fissures, peeling skin on tops of fingers and toes
convalescent stage 6-8 wks after disease onset s/s lingering signs of inflammation, deep grooves in nails of hands and feet
cats, dust mites, pollen, smoking, cockroach feces, mold in house
treat hypoxia (give o2), give bronchodilators, add ipratropium for mucus, corticosteroids for swelling, if severe epinephrine