EARS
Cerumen is earwax. What would be a contraindication to irrigating a child's ear to remove the cerumen?
perforated eardrum
What is the difference between myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism?
myopia is nearsightedness
hyperopia is farsightedness
astigmatism is abnormal curvature of cornea, causing blurred vision.
Explain spastic cerebral palsy
Most common type of CP, stiff muscles, stiff and jerky movements, scissoring of legs, standing or walking on their toes, etc
Describe nursing care of a child with recent head trauma.
observe for changes in level of consciousness, vomiting, headache, irritability, seizures, pupil changes.
Wake child at least every 2 hours to assess at home, more frequently if hospitalized.
Nursing considerations for Total Parental Nutrition (TPN)
monitor IV site (central line), monitor blood glucose every 6 hours, administer insulin as needed, never shut off bag, watch for S/S of hypoglycemia- like diaphoresis, altered LOC, etc.
What are the signs and symptoms of otitis externa and otitis media?
otitis externa- pain of auricle, redness, inflammation
otitis media- earache, fever, red and bulging tympanic membrane (ear drum)
Neural tube defect where the posterior laminae of the vertebrae fail to close. Myelomenigiocele is where the spinal cord and the meninges are caught in the sac. Keep infant prone with a sterile saline moistened dressing over sac until surgery. Keep moist.
Describe autonomic dysreflexia
Noxious stimuli with sympathetic response.- HTN, Bradycardia, elevated temp, H/A, diaphoresis, nausea, etc.
Causes may be distended bladder, constipation, tight clothing, skin pressure or breakdown, overstretched muscles, etc.
What are some complications with development of hearing impaired children?
problems with speech, language development, personality development, and academia.
What are some clinical manifestations of Meningitis in children?
Bacterial meningitis is contagious. inflammation of the meninges causes fever, bulging fontanelles, irritability, lethargy, poor feeding in infants. Older children may c/o H/A, neck stiffness, fever, n/v, seizures, photophobia, positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs.
Explain the difference between febrile seizures and other seizure disorders
Febrile seizures occur with high fevers and acute infections in children. If fever is reduced or infection treated, seizures stop. No ongoing seizure medication.
Seizure disorders are recurring and need medications to prevent; abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Cause may be unknown or caused by trauma, infection, tumor, etc.