Milestones
Development
Infant Reflexes
Miscellaneous
Assessment Findings
This and That
Stages of development
100
Name the age that most babies begin to babble/coo
End of first month into 2nd
100
At what age does the anterior fontanelle close typically?
12-18 months
100
What is the Moro reflex?
Moro reflex 
This reflex occurs when a baby feels that they are falling or being dropped or with a loud sound
Resolves/no longer seen around 4 months of age
100
What is the term used for abnormal or underdeveloped outer ears?
Microtia
100
Name the 5 areas of auscultation of the heart
Aortic
Pulmonic
Erb's point
Tricuspid
Mitral
100
Describe the authoritative parenting style
Parents direct the child’s behavior by setting rules and explaining the reason for each rule setting.
- The child can watch television for 1 hr on school nights after completing all homework and chores.
100
What is the Piaget stage for children from age birth to 24 months?
Sensorimotor
200
At what age should a toddler be able to follow 1-step directions?
18 months
200
What is the scale used for puberty staging?
Tanner's staging
200
What is the Babinski reflex?
Occurs when the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. The big toe will move upward and the other toes fan out
Present till about 1 year of age
200
Term often used for tonsils that touch each other
"Kissing tonsils"/grade 4 tonsils
200
Signs of respiratory distress in children.
Retractions
Nasal flaring
Head bobbing
Stridor
Wheezing
200
Describe the Authoritarian parenting style?
Parents try to control the child’s behaviors and attitudes through unquestioned rules and expectations.
- The child is never allowed to watch television on school nights.
200
What is Erik Erikson's stage of development for 1-2 year olds
Autonomy vs shame and doubt (age 1-2)
Independence is extremely important during this age.
300
At what age should a baby be able to lift their head in a prone position?
2 months
300
When do females and males stop growing (on average)?
- Females stop growing at about 2 to 2.5 years after the onset of menarche.
- Males stop growing at around 18 to 20 years of age.
300
What is the palmar grasp?
Elicited by placing an object in an infant’s palm.
The infant grasps the object
Resolves around 4 months
300
At what age should a child first see the dentist?
age 1 or when the first tooth erupts
300
What are Mongolian spots
Darkened skin found on the skin of babies/children.
Typically found on lower backs, buttocks, sides and shoulders
Commonly seen in African populations, Asians, Latin Americans
Look like bruises
300
What is the permissive parenting style?
Parents exert little or no control over the child’s behaviors and consult the child when making decisions.
- The child assists with deciding whether they will watch television.
300
Name Piaget's stage of development for 3-5 years of age?
Preoperational
400
At what age should a baby be able to transfer an object from one hand to the other?
6 months of age
400
In females, sexual maturation typically occurs in what order?
Breast development
Pubic hair growth (some females experience hair growth before breast development)
Axillary hair growth
Menstruation
400
What is the plantar grasp?
Elicited by touching the sole of the infant’s foot, the toes curl downward
Resolves around 8 months
400
Car seat safety: when can a child be turned forward facing?
2 years of age or the height recommended by the manufacturer (of their car seat)
400
At what ages is it recommended to test children for lead poisoning?
12 and 24 months
400
What is the uninvolved parenting style?
Parents are indifferent and emotionally removed.
- The child may watch television whenever they want.
400
Name Piaget's stage of development for ages 6-12?
Concrete operational or concrete operations.
500
When does stranger fear or stranger danger start?
6-8 months of age
500
In males, sexual maturation typically occurs in what order?
Testicular enlargement
Pubic hair growth
Penile enlargement
Axillary hair growth
Facial hair growth
Vocal changes
500
What is the sucking/rooting reflex?
Elicited by stroking the infant’s cheek or infant’s mouth
The infant will turn their head toward the side that is touched and will begin to suck
Resolves around 4 months of age
500
What is ritualism and is this a normal developmental finding or abnormal?
Ritualism, or maintaining routines and reliability, provides a sense of comfort for toddlers as they begin to explore the environment beyond those most familiar to them.
500
What are common side effects of vaccinations?
Low grade temperature
Fussiness
500
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a 5-2-1-0 framework to prevent obesity in children. What does this stand for?
Preschoolers should have:
5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day
2 hr or less of screen time
0 servings of sugar-sweetened beverages
1 hr of physical activity per day
500
Name Piaget's stage of development for ages 12-18
Formal operational
600
When does separation anxiety begin typically?
around 4 to 8 months of age.
600
What is reactive attachment disorder?
results from maladaptive or absent attachment between the infant and primary caregiver and continues through childhood and adulthood.
600
What is the Fencer reflex/Tonic neck
Elicited by turning an infant’s head to one side
The infant extends the arm and leg on that side and
flexes the arm and leg on the opposite side.
Resolves by 3-4 months
600
What is the recommended amount of milk we should give a toddler per day?
16 oz
Whole milk is best for brain growth
More than that can lead to iron deficiency anemia
600
While assessing a child you find lymph nodes that are small, palpable, non-tender, and mobile. Is this a normal or abnormal finding?
Normal
600
At what age should solids be introduced?
6 months (according to CDC and ATI)
600
What is Erik Erikson's stage of development for an infant?
Trust vs mistrust