A
Increased WBC, infection, bleeding and bruising, fatigue, bone pain, and decreased RBC, platelets are signs and symptoms of what childhood cancer?
Leukemia.
Can also present with a low-grade fever due to the easily infected. Why the bone pain?
How often should you palpate known/documented tumors?
Never. Don't palpate once it has been discovered. Probably tell the parents that too.
Kid comes in with behavior and vision changes, ataxia (motor changes), vomiting, and a headache. What childhood cancer are these signs and symptoms of?
A brain tumor.
How are pediatric brain tumors diagnosed?
CT, MRI, or angiography w/imaging (idk what this is)
Name 5 side effects of chemotherapy.
Nausea/vomiting
Myelosuppression=increased infection, bleeding, anemia.
Mucositis
Anorexia and weight loss
Pain
Constipation (technically caused by pain meds)
Hemorrhagic cystitis (!know how to assess for this!)
Alopecia
What are the two most common types of leukemia? (Yes, the acronym is fine)
ALL, AML.
Do cancers involving bone tissues typically require longer or shorter chemotherapy treatment.
Longer. Chemo for bone related cancers continues for years. This goes for both leukemia and osteosarcoma.
What physiological barrier is a huge impediment to cancer treatment involving the brain and CNS.
The blood brain barrier.
In which group of pediatric cancer is it especially important to assess for level of consciousness, hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure, and neurological deficits.
In brain tumors.
What are the signs and symptoms of a neuroblastoma?
Just a smooth, hard, non-tender mass. The "silent tumor" because it does NOT make kids feel sick.
What 2 pediatric cancers have the highest survival rate? At about 90%
Leukemia and Wilm's tumors/ nephroblastoma.
What two functions must occur before a child with leukemia can get a bone marrow transplant?
Relapse of the cancer, and remission of the relapse.
What pediatric cancer is typically asymptomatic, but can cause hypertension, hematuria, or abdominal pain?
Wilm's tumors/nephroblastoma. Increased BP is caused by kidney breakdown.
What/where is a Wilm's tumor?
Nephroblastoma/ kidney tumor. Usually unilateral but can be bilateral.
What are the signs and symptoms of osteosarcoma?
Pain, swelling, limp
What is the main sign of retinoblastoma?
Leukokoria/white pupil/light pupil.
What pediatric cancer is typically discovered during puberty (13-14 years)?
Osteosarcoma develops during periods of rapid growth-hence your 13-14 years old.
Leukemia is also an acceptable answer, but remember leukemia is most common in much littler kids as well whereas osteosarcoma is mostly your adolescent/teens.
What/where is osteosarcoma?
Bone tumor.
What is the percent likelihood of leukemia relapse within the first year?
20%
Name one pediatric cancer that will often have metastasized by the time it is diagnosed.
Osteosarcoma
Wilms tumor
Neuroblastoma
Where is a neuroblastoma tumor most commonly found?
In the abdomen.
Retinoblastoma is the intraocular malignancy of what eye structure?
Which pediatric cancer is typically (40% of cases) is inherited?
40% of retinoblastoma cases are autosomal dominant inherited.
What two pediatric cancers may require assessment, treatment, and teaching for a prosthetic?
Osteosarcoma
Retinoblastoma.