Respiratory Dysfunction
Caused by a virus. Epithelial cells of the respiratory system lose their cilia and bronchioles are obstructed, prevented by a vaccine.
What is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
Most common congenital cardiac defect. Left-to-right shunting causes increased pulmonary flow at the expense of systemic flow. A murmur is often appreciated. Indomethacin may be prescribed to manage the defect.
What is a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Inflammation of the upper urinary tract and kidneys; kidney infection, usually characterized by
presence of bacteriuria and clinical symptoms that include fever.
What is pyelonephritis?
Congenital aganglionic megacolon, loss of rectosphincteric reflex (sphincter cannot relax), stimulation in the intestine then causes dilation of rectal tissue, usually treated surgically.
What is Hirschsprung’s Disease (HD)?
Isolated and transient episodes of nose bleeding, are common in childhood.
What is epistaxis?
Caused by mycobacterium, spread by small droplets, requires a negative pressure environment to prevent spread.
What is tuberculosis?
A complex of four separate cardiac defects causing decreased pulmonary blood flow, hypoxemia, and cyanosis.
What is Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?
Features include oliguria, edema, hypertension and
circulatory congestion, hematuria, and proteinuria. Most cases are postinfectious and have been
associated with pneumococcal, streptococcal, and viral infections.
What is Acute Glomerulonephritis?
Classically, the first symptom is periumbilical pain, followed by nausea, right lower quadrant pain, and,
later, vomiting with fever, focal abdominal tenderness, rebound pain.
What is appendicitis?
A rare and life-threatening disorder, a bone marrow failure condition in which the formed elements of the blood are simultaneously depressed. The peripheral blood smear demonstrates cytopenia with at least two of the following present: profound anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
What is Aplastic anemia (AA)?
Surfactant is inactivated and lungs become non-
compliant, increased opportunity for secondary bacterial infections.
What is Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?
An abnormal immune response to a group A strep (GAS) infection, occurs most often in late school-age children and adolescents; ARF is a self-limited illness
that involves the joints, skin, brain, and heart, but cardiac valve damage (mitral most often) is the
most serious complication.
What is Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF)?
The retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the kidneys increases the likelihood that bladder infection will spread to become pyelonephritis.
What is vesicoureteral reflux?
Discontinuous inflammation of the intestinal tract, affects the full thickness of the bowel.
What is Crohn's disease?
An autosomal recessive disorder; pallor, poor feeding, headache, anorexia, bone deformities; supportive therapy to maintain sufficient Hgb levels.
What is Beta Thalassemia (Cooley Anemia)?
Complex interactions of inflammatory cells, mediators, and tissues of the airway produce airway edema and mucus; spasm of the smooth muscle of bronchioles produces obstruction and air trapping.
What is asthma?
Blood exiting the heart meets an area of anatomic narrowing or stricture, causing obstruction to blood flow. Pressure in the ventricle and in the aorta before the obstruction is increased, and the pressure in the aorta beyond the obstruction is decreased.
What is coartation of the aorta?
Abdominal contents protrude through weak spot in the abdominal musculature.
What is hernia?
The muscle around the pyloric sphincter is thickened, obstructs outflow from stomach to small intestine. This condition usually develops in the first few weeks of
life, causing non-bilious vomiting, which occurs after a feeding; projectile vomiting may develop, and the infant is fussy and hungry after vomiting.
What is Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis?
The primary therapy is replacement of the missing clotting factor. Corticosteroids are given for hematuria, acute hemarthrosis, and chronic synovitis. It is recommended that patients with hemophilia avoid aspirin and traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories.
What is hemophilia?
Autosomal recessive defect that causes exocrine (mucus producing) gland dysfunction, multisystem involvement, particularly respiratory and GI tracts; def ects in the chloride channels produce thick mucus that obstructs small passages in the pancreas and lungs.
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
An infection of the inner lining of the heart, generally involving the valves (mitral valve commonly); onset usually insidious, unexplained fever, anorexia, malaise, weight loss, splinter hemorrhages under the nails, red, painful intradermal nodes, painless hemorrhagic areas on palms and soles, petechiae on oral mucous membranes.
What is bacterial endocarditis?
Surgical emergency. Signs include pain, often on awakening, absent cremasteric reflex.
What is testicular torsion?
Gluten-induced/sensitive enteropathy, is an
autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, results in permanent intestinal intolerance to dietary gluten
What is Celiac Disease?
Clinical symptoms are primarily the result of (1) obstruction caused by abnormal RBCs , (2) vascular inflammation, (3) increased RBC destruction, abnormal adhesion, entanglement, and enmeshing of cells. Irregularly shaped cells accompanied by the inflammatory process intermittently block the microcirculation causing vasoocclusion.
What is sickle cell anemia?