Embryology
Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
What are the three germ layers
Malposed
What is a shift in cardiac position?
Ostium primum
What is one type of ASD?
Right ventricle and left ventricle
What chambers does a VSD allow blood flow to cross the septum?
Superior and inferior endocardial cushions
What are incompletely fused in a partial AVSD?
Foramen ovale
What opening allows fetal blood to circulate within the heart?
Dysplasia
What is an abnormal growth or development?
Ostium secundum
What is the most common ASD?
Perimembranous
What is the most common VSD?
Tightly tethered to the crest of the IVS
Where is the bridging leaflet in a Rastelli Type A AVSD?
Truncus arteriosus
In week four, what is the one great vessel leaving the heart?
Mesocardia
What is a heart is located midline?
Patent foramen ovale, ostium primum, ostium secundum, sinus venosus, and coronary sinus.
What are the five types of ASD's?
VSD
What is the most common Congenital Heart Defect?
Down Syndrome
What is a syndrome that a Type A complete AVSD is an isolated heart defect?
To the right, d-looping
Which direction does the tube fold in on itself as the normal heart grows?
L-loop
What is a heart that twists to the left?
A shunt of blood flow between the right and left atriums
What is an ASD?
Perimembranous, trabecular, inlet, outlet, and malalignment
What are the five types of VSD's?
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return, TAPVR
What is a CHD where the four pulmonary veins that normally carry oxygenated blood into the left atrium are connected somewhere other than the left atrium?
Aorta and pulmonary artery
What does the spiral septum divide the truncus arteriosus into?
Disconcordant
What is an inappropriate connection?
Location, dimension & position, direction of shunt, size of shunt, and effects of the shunt
What are the five things to evaluate with an ASD?
Fenestrations
What are multiple muscular (or trabecular) VSD's called?
ASD and PDA
What are two heart defects that are often found with TAPVR that actually help the infant live until surgical intervention is possible?