Growth Gone Wrong
What hormone is deficient in a child with short stature and delayed growth?
Growth hormone (somatotropin)
Type 1 diabetes is caused by destruction of what cells?
Pancreatic beta cells
What fruity symptom helps identify DKA?
Fruity (acetone) breath odor
PKU is caused by the absence of what enzyme?
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
What is the normal HbA1C target for a child under 6 years old?
Less than 8.5%
What diagnostic test confirms GH excess?
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
What blood glucose value indicates hypoglycemia in a child?
Less than 60 mg/dL
What is the initial priority intervention in DKA management?
Administer isotonic IV fluids
What odor is associated with PKU?
Musty or “mousy” odor in urine
When mixing insulin, which type is drawn up first?
Short-acting (clear) before intermediate (cloudy)
What is the most common cause of GH deficiency in children?
Idiopathic or pituitary dysfunction
What test measures long-term blood glucose control?
Hemoglobin A1C
At what blood glucose level should you add glucose to IV fluids?
When blood glucose approaches 250 mg/dL
Tay-Sachs disease is most common in which population?
Ashkenazi Jewish descent
What teaching should parents know about PKU diet initiation?
Begin dietary restrictions within 7–10 days after birth
Name one expected finding in GH deficiency.
Short stature, delayed dentition, increased insulin sensitivity
Why should insulin injection sites be rotated?
To prevent lipohypertrophy and ensure consistent absorption
What acid-base imbalance occurs in DKA?
Metabolic acidosis
What is the main treatment for Galactosemia?
Lifelong elimination of galactose/lactose from the diet
How often should height be measured in a child with GH deficiency?
Every 6 months under age 3, yearly after that
What is a key teaching point for somatropin therapy?
Administer via subcutaneous injection 6–7 days/week and monitor growth regularly
Name two hallmark symptoms of hyperglycemia.
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia (any two)
Why must potassium be closely monitored in DKA?
Insulin therapy drives potassium into cells, risking hypokalemia
What metabolic disorder causes urine to smell like maple syrup?
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)
What is the expected blood pH in DKA?
Less than 7.30