Neurology & Mental Health
This congenital neurological birth defect causes a deformity in the neural tube that should be closed by 28 days after conception.
What is spina bifida?
A group of congenital heart defects that result in low blood oxygen levels, including symptoms such as cyanosis.
What are cyanotic heart defects?
Name 3 differences between an infant respiratory system vs an adult respiratory system.
What are a/an?
Smaller airway (4mm vs 20mm)
Obligate nose breather up to 4-6 weeks of age
Larger tongue
Higher glottis & larynx
More easily compressed, flexible thyroid, tracheal and carotid cartilage
Patient G is capable of recognizing familiar adults and feeding bottle, can crawl, observes their hands, and laugh. Identify their developmental stage per Ireton's (1994) chart.
What is the normal development of a 4-month-old?
Patient N is diagnosed with viral meningitis. List 1 priority nursing diagnosis.
What is?
Risk for brain damage related to increased intracranial pressure as a result of impaired cerebral tissue perfusion.
Risk for sepsis, related to meningitic or other systemic infection.
Risk for seizures related to fever caused by meningitic infection, or brain damage caused by impaired tissue perfusion or increased intracranial pressure.
Leukemia, the most common childhood cancer, alters the production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets by altering the function of this tissue.
What is bone marrow?
This is the most common chronic childhood respiratory disorder, causing inflammation of the airway following exposure to environmental triggers.
What is asthma?
This stage of Erikson's Psychosocial Developmental Theory describes when children aged 6-11 when they expand their social network with peers and develop confidence and pride in their efforts.
What is the industry vs inferiority stage?
List 3 symptoms common in adolescent depression.
What are feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and/or frustration; loss of interest in activities or family; low self-esteem and strong self-criticism including sensitivity to failure or criticism; and/or suicidal ideation?
List 2 major causes of adolescent anemia.
What are...
Iron deficiency anemia - excessive loss (menstruation), inadequate intake of iron or B12, increased demand, or impaired absorption.
Sickle cell anemia - a genetic disease that causes improper red blood cells, including shape and concentration.
Patient R is a 17-year-old diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, shortly after birth, recently admitted for pre-op antibiotics. List 1 priority nursing diagnosis.
What is?
Risk for impaired oxygenation related to increased thickened mucus caused by cystic fibrosis.
Risk for infection following surgery, related to impaired immune system function as a result of chronic respiratory infections due to increased amount of thick mucus caused by cystic fibrosis.
Risk for impaired nutrition related to impaired gastrointestinal functioning caused by cystic fibrosis.
Piaget's theory of Cognitive Development states that people aged 12 up to adulthood are able to perform these cognitive tasks when they are within the Formal Operational stage.
What are advanced and sophisticated thinking, including problem-solving, abstract thinking and logical thought?