Seizures
The term used for a convulsive generalized seizure
Tonic-Clonic (used to be "grand mal")
Bradycardia, irregular respirations, widened pulse pressure
Cushing's reflex
Most common sports-related TBI in children
Main difference between viral and bacterial meningitis
bacterial growth occurs in cultures for bacterial meningitis; no growth will occur in cultures for viral
First-line medication used for status-epilepticus? What
lorazepam, diazepam, midazolam (ie. a benzodiazepine)
Long-term treatment for increased ICP
VP shunt
Expected clinical symptoms seen with an epidural hemorrhage
Brief LOC followed by return to baseline, followed by progressive lethargy and coma
Neisseria meningitis (meningococcal)
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal)
Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB)
Escherichia ecoli
Loss of consciousness lasting 5-10 seconds, motionless or blank stare
Absent seizure
Name one physical exam feature suggestive of hydrocephalus in an infant
high pitched cry, enlarged head circumference, bulging fontanelle, distended scalp veins, frontal bossing.
GCS indicating severe TBI
<8
Lab test that can help confirm diagnosis of Reye's syndrome
ammonia
Late or early ICP changes? Alterations in pupillary response, posturing, bradycardia, cheyne-stokes respirations, decreased consciousness.
Arms, wrists, elbows, and fingers flexed and bent inward on to the chest and legs extended and rotated internally.
Flexion posturing
Treatment for encephalitis
acyclovir
Post-seizure nursing care
Suction secretions, protect from injury, maintain side-lying, VS, reorient, note the time, remain with the client
Name TWO nursing interventions for increased ICP
low-stim environment, midline positioning, minimize suctioning, cluster care, pain management, thermoregulation
1-10 mmHg
Treatment for bacterial meningitis.
Longterm IV antibiotics