Cardiovascular Disorders
What three CHDs are associated with increased pulmonary blood flow?
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Patent Ductus Arterosis (PDA)
Name three interventions for Epistaxis.
- Head tilted forward, sitting up
- Continuous pressure 10+ min
- Ice across bridge
Other: pack bleeding site w/ cotton or tissue
What is the name for the specialty bottles used to feed infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate?
Haberman bottle (w/ wide nipple)
Name the two tests used to diagnose DDH.
Positive Ortolani and Barlow Test.
What is the name of the most common malignant abdominal-renal tumor in children?
Wilm's Tumor
What position should a child experiencing a blue spell or "Tet Spell" be placed in?
Knees to chest position.
Excessive cow milk in the diet.
What is the main risk factor for Hirschsprung Disease in newborns?
Failure to pass meconium within first 24-48 hours.
True or False: gentle massage under the straps of a Pavlik Harness is encouraged to promote circulation.
TRUE!
Name three symptoms of Leukemia.
- Anorexia
- Petechiae/increased bruising
- Pain
Other: pallor, enlarged lymph nodes, vomiting.
Digoxin parameters for infants and for children?
Infants: hold < 90 bpm
Children: hold <70 bpm
What is the definitive diagnostic test for SCA?
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis.
Red currant jelly-like stools (bloody mucus); confirmed with abdominal US.
Name four findings in the context of a fracture.
- Pain
- Ecchymosis
- Crepitus
- Edema
Other: tenderness, warmth, redness, pain w/ ROM.
Name three priority interventions for sick day management of a child with DM Type I.
- Monitor BG q 3 hr
- Test urine for ketones
- Call provider if BG > 240 mg/dL
What is the name of the diagnostic test for Rheumatic Fever?
Serum Antistreptolysin-O (ASO)
Name five nursing interventions for SCA.
- Promote rest
- Oral & IVF FLUIDS
- PAIN CONTROL (top priority)
- Warm packs (NOT ICE)
- Blood products q 3-4 weeks
Other: Administer O2, prophylactic antibiotics
What are two priority interventions for Glomerulonephritis?
- Daily weights
- Prevent infection (turn/cough/breathe + skin care)
Other: fluid restriction w/ edema, seizure precautions PRN.
Proper positioning for Bryant Traction (DDH) is best described as...
Hips flexed @ 90 degrees WITH BUTTOCKS OFF THE BED.
Hypoglycemia BG range for a child? DKA BG range for a child?
Hypoglycemia: BG < 60 mg/dL
DKA: BG > 330 mg/dL
What does Warm "CREAM" stand for in the context of Kawasaki Disease?
Warm: fever > 5 days
C: Conjunctivitis
R: Rash
E: Erythema palms/soles
A: Adenopathy; cervical.
M: Mucous Membrane: dry, red, strawberry tongue.
Name three contraindicated interventions for hemophilia.
- NO rectal temperatures.
- NO warmth (ice for affected joints)
- Do NOT administer aspirin
Other: avoid unnecessary sticks/pokes.
Name two findings in the context of urinary analysis for a patient with nephrotic syndrome.
- Protein > 2+
- Hyperlipidemia
Other: Hypoalbuminemia, Hyponatremia, Hyaline Casts.
How often should you assess neuromuscular status (pulses) in Traction & how often should you change positions while keeping traction intact?
Check pulses q 4 hrs and change positions q 2 hrs.
Name two manifestations of DKA and the priority treatment for DKA after ICU admission.
Treatment: IV FLUIDS + INSULIN DRIP!