Abdominal Wall Defects
Intestinal Atresia
Biliary Atresia
Esophageal Atresia
Mystery
100
Omphalocele.
100
What is this classic sign, and what diagnosis does it suggest?
What is this sign called?
Double Bubble Sign; Duodenal Atresia
100
Most common complications of Kasai include.
Cholangitis, internal hernia, ascites, hypesplenism, portal hypertension.
100
What is the most common type of esophogeal atresia?
Type C - proximal esophageal atresia w/ distal TEF.
100
Country where first heart transplant performed
South Africa
200
Describe the location of the anatomic defect in gastroschisis.
To the right of the umbilical cord at site of obliterated right umbilical vein, fascial defect of 4cm.
200
Technique for ruling out additional atresias distally.
Injecting saline into distal limb using soft red rubber.
200
Best way to diagnose Biliary Atresia
IOC.
200
What is the cause of esophogeal atresia and TEF?
During the 4th week of gestation, esophageal tracheal diverticulum of foregut fails to divide.
200
During mastectomy, injuring this nerve can cause winged scapula
Long Thoracic Nerve
300
What is the pathogenisis of gastroschisis?
Failure of mesoderm to form in body wall, rupture of amnion around umbilical ring, abnormal involution of R umbilical vein leading to weakening of body wall, disruption of R vitelline artery w/ body wall damage.
Smoking, maternal immune response, associations w/ aspirin, ibuprofen, and vasoconstrictive agents.
300
Difference in etiology between Duodenial and Jejunoileal Atresia.
Failure of recanalization of duodenum from solid cord stage VS Intrauterine Vascular Accident.
300
What is the ultimate progression of successfully treated Biliary Atresia
Cirrhosis, Liver Failure, Requiring liver transplant.
300
What are associated anomalies?
VACTERL: Vertebral, Anorectal, Cardiac, Tracheal, Esophageal, Renal, Limb.
300
AVF Rule of 6s
flow of 600cm2/s, depth of 6mm, diameter of 6mm, 6 weeks post creation, 6cm in length
400
Exposure to what causes prolonged ileus in gastroschisis?
Amniotic Fluid.
400
Surgical technique for creating duodenal anastomosis.
Proximal transverse to distal longitudinal (diamond shaped) duodenoduodenostomy.
400
Describe the surgical technique to treat Biliary Atresia.
Hepatoportoenterostomy, dissect extrahepatic biliary tree to liver capsule, RNY-hepaticojejunistomy.
400
What is the risk of intubation/ventilation and positive airway pressure in a patient with a TEF?
Gastric hyperinflation and poor ventilation of the lungs.
400
Rule of 2s for Meckels
2% of population, age 2, 2 inches in length, 2 feet from IC valve, two types of ectopic tissue
500
Associated with Chromosomal Abnormalities and Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome
Omphalocele
500
For type IIIB apple peal or Christmas tree deformity w/ large mesenteric gap, where does the blood supply originate from?
Ileocolic or R colic artery.
500
How much length of jejunum should be brought up for hepaticojejunostomy and why?
30-40 cm; to decrease the risk of cholangitis and biliary reflux.
500
Most common complication of esophageal astomosis.
Leak, Stricture, reflux.
500
Which anesthetic induction agent causes adrenal insufficiency
etomidate