Communicating (unable to reabsorb CSF), Noncommunicating (ventricular system, does not communicate with arachnoid villi due to obstruction to CSF flow)
What are the two types of Hydrocephalus?
100
Failure of neural tube to close during first three weeks of conception
What is Spina Bifida?
100
Only suture that truly "fuses", usually by two years of age
What is the metopic suture?
100
Headache (especially upon awakening), vomitting (often wrose in A.M.)
What are the most common symptoms?
100
75% of full head size
What is infant head size by two years?
200
Most common cause of hydrocephalus in children, 70% of cases
What is Aqueductal Stenosis?
200
No visible exposure of neural tissue and therefore may be harder to detect
What is Spina Bifida Occulta?
200
Often confused with positional plagiocephaly
What is Lambdoid synostosis?
200
Most common type of CNS tumor in all children, 1/3 of all childhood brain tumors, 80% are slow growing, treatment is surgery
What is Astrocytoma (glioma)?
200
Guide for assessing children's fine motor, gross motor, personal/social and language skills at 6 years of age and under
What is Denver Developmental assessment tool?
300
Most common cause of Hydrocephalus
What is Germinal Matrix?
300
Visible exposure of neural tissue (myelomeningocele)
What is Spina Bifida Aperta?
300
Characterized by vertical dystopia (eyes not level), nasional deviation (twisted nose), flattening of frontal bone on affected side
What is coronal synotosis (anterior plagiocephaly)?
300
70% occur in the posterior fossa, 8-10% of childhood brain tumors
What is Ependymomas?
300
Can occur up to 100 times a day, treat with high dose corticosteroids injected intramuscularly over a short-term basis
What is infantile spasm?
400
Temporizing but not done for noncommunicating Hydrocephalus due to risk of herniation
What is Lumbar Puncture?
400
Herniation of spinal cord and meninges through defect in spine, most common form of Spina Bifida
What is Myelomeningocele?
400
Occurs in 1 out of 2,100 children (most common)
What is nonsyndromic craniosynotosis?
400
10-15% of all pediatric brain tumors, 90% of these fast growing, surgery is not an option, majority do not survive more than 2 years beyond diagnosis
What is Brainstem Glioma?
400
Results from hypoxic event, often during birth, spasticity, athetoid, ataxia and rigidity
What is spasticity/cerebral palsy?
500
Vomiting, lethargy, paralysis of upward gaze (Parinaud's sign), frontal bossing, delayed development, poor school performance, headache
What are the signs and symptoms of Hydrocephalus in children?
500
80%-90%
What is the rate of children with Myelomeningocele who will eventually require surgical CSF diversion-shunt?
500
40%-60% of all craniosynotosis
What is sagittal synotosis?
500
Most common malignant tumor, 20% of all CNS tumors in children, responsive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy
What is Medulloblastoma?
500
Lifelong developmental disorder of the brain that affects the child's social and communication skills, diagnosed by age 3, 5-15/10,000 births, 3-4 times more commong in boys