A&P
What is the role of the cuticle in nail health?
The cuticle protects the nail root from infection and keeps the nail bed healthy.
What is the weight baring bone of the lower leg called?
Tibia
Describe the steps of a basic pedicure.
Consult the client, soak the feet, exfoliate, trim nails, care for cuticles, massage feet, apply polish, and give aftercare advice.
What signs should a therapist look for to identify a potential medical condition?
Look for swelling, pain, unusual growths, redness, or signs of infection like pus.
Why is it important to maintain proper posture during a pedicure?
Good posture helps avoid back and shoulder pain, and makes the treatment more comfortable for the therapist.
Explain the structure of the nail and its growth cycle.
The nail consists of the nail plate, nail bed, cuticle, lunula, and matrix. The matrix is where the nail grows, and the cells are pushed forward to form the nail plate. The growth cycle typically takes about 6 months, with nails growing at a rate of about 0.1mm per day.
How many bones are there in the foot?
26
How should a therapist assess the client's feet before starting?
Look for any infections, abnormalities, or concerns. Ask about any foot issues or medical conditions.
What is an ingrown toenail and how can it be managed?
An ingrown toenail occurs when the nail grows into the skin. Trim nails straight and avoid pressure on the toe. Severe cases need a doctor.
How should a therapist handle a client showing signs of infection?
Stop the treatment and recommend the client see a doctor for proper treatment.
Describe the circulatory system of the feet and why it’s important.
Arteries like the dorsalis pedis supply blood to the feet, providing oxygen and nutrients essential for foot health.
What is the job of the arteries?
To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
What products are used during a pedicure and why?
Foot soak softens the skin, scrubs remove dead skin, cuticle cream nourishes cuticles, and foot lotion moisturizes feet.
How can corns and calluses be treated?
File or soak feet to remove excess skin. Avoid cutting corns or calluses too deeply.
How do you prevent cross-contamination during a pedicure?
Sanitise tools between clients, use clean towels, and wash hands before and after treatments.
What are the main bones in the foot and how do they contribute to the function of walking?
he foot has tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. They help the foot bear weight, maintain balance, and allow movement while walking.
What is the job of the veins?
To carry de-oxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.
What is the purpose of foot masks and how are they applied?
Foot masks hydrate and soften the skin. Apply the mask, leave it on for the recommended time, and then rinse it off.
What are common foot conditions and how should they be treated?
Calluses and corns can be filed down. Athlete’s foot needs antifungal treatment, and ingrown toenails may need medical attention.
What are the hygiene protocols for sterilising tools?
Use disinfectants or autoclaves to sterilize tools, and dispose of any single-use items properly.
What muscles are involved in the movement of the toes and feet?
Flexor and extensor muscles control toe movement, while calf muscles help with foot movement.
What are the main arteries of the lower leg?
Anterior and posterior tibial artery
What should be considered when performing a pedicure on elderly clients?
Elderly skin is thinner and more fragile, so use gentler techniques. Be mindful of health issues like diabetes.
What’s the difference between fungal and bacterial infections on the feet?
Fungal infections cause itching and peeling, while bacterial infections cause swelling, redness, and possible pus.
What is the difference between sanitising and disinfecting?
Sanitising: Reduces the number of germs to a safe level, but doesn't necessarily kill all of them.
Disinfecting: Kills a higher number of germs, including viruses and bacteria, on surfaces.