Strength/Muscles
Jenna is evaluating a child in sitting. He leans forward to prop. He sits in a high guard position. With a pull to sit, he has very little shoulder elevation, and he uses his arm strength to pull. He cannot go from quadruped to sitting. He is most likely:
B. 5 months old
A child is seen moving on his tummy with alternating arm and leg movements. This describes:
Which bone would NOT be included in intramembranous ossification?
Femur
Andrew is evaluating a 10 day old baby. Which of the following tests is most appropriate?
A. PDMS
B. TIMP
C. GMFM
D. BOT-2
TIMP: 34 months post-conception to 4 months
Calculate your patient's chronological age:
Birth date: 11/22/13
Test date: 4/7/2018
4 years, 4 months, 15 days
Strength increases linearly with chronological age until:
B. 13-14 years old
Joe is evaluating a newborn in prone. Which most likely describes this child's positioning?
A. No midline. Slight shoulder abduction to absorb some of the chest's weight. Starting to shift weight back due to less hip flexion, which allows for more head extension and rotation.
B. Extension of hips and knees. Adducted feet towards midline.
C. Physiological flexion. Weight shifted forward onto head.
D. Forearm weightbearing. Trunk extension and abduction of arms. ER of hips.
Physiological flexion. Weight shifted forward onto head.
There are four zones of growth in the epiphyseal plate. Which zone involves cartilage anchoring the growth plate to the bone?
Zone of resting cartilage
Lynelle is evaluating a 8 month old. She is hoping to use a quick test for gross motor skills. Which of the following tests is most appropriate?
AIMS: birth to 18 months, completed in 20-30 min but can be as quick as 10-15 min, looks at gross motor skills in 4 positions (prone, supine, sitting, standing)
Calculate your patient's chronological age:
Birth date: 1/13/2015
Test date: 4/7/18
3 years, 2 months, 24 days
Muscle ____________: ability of the muscle to perform work and assume some component of muscle strength.
B. Endurance
Jenna is evaluating a child in sitting. He leans forward to prop. He sits in a high guard position. With a pull to sit, he has very little shoulder elevation, and he uses his arm strength to pull. He cannot go from quadruped to sitting. He is most likely:
All embryonic connective tissue begins as
mesenchyme
Michaela is evaluating a 3 year old with Cerebral Palsy. Which test will likely be most suited for the patient?
A. HELP
B. AIMS
C. GMFM
D. PDMS
C. GMFM: Evaluates gross motor function of children with CP or Down Syndrome
Sam is playing with a 9 month old. When the child bends over, he notices Mongolian spots along their lower back. What is the most appropriate response?
A. Nothing. These are normal.
B. Notify the parent to discuss with their pediatrician.
C. Call CPS. This is a sign of abuse.
A. Nothing. These are normal.
Which muscle fibers are innervated first during development?
Type I
Anthony is evaluating a child in standing. She relies more on her LE than UE to maintain upright. She widely abducts her legs for balance. She will release one hand from the table to reach for a toy. She falls to get down.
Sarah's friend is further along in her pregnancy (11 weeks). She just had an ultrasound and was shocked to find her baby looks like a kidney bean with proportionate arms and itty bitty legs. She is nervous that her child will not be in proportion. Sarah explains to her that the legs become more proportionate during:
A. 9-12 weeks
B. 13-20 weeks
C. 20-40 weeks
B. 13-20 weeks: most bones ossify, LE's become more proportionate, synovial joints formed (fetuses with neuromuscular disease do not move typically which causes poor joint development)
Sarah is talking with her friend who is 8 weeks pregnant. Which of the following has NOT happened yet to her embryo?
A. Limb buds have formed
B. Rays separate
C. Hand plates formed
D. Clavicle ossifies
Clavicle ossifies: happens 9-12 weeks
Which of the following describes Hueter-Volkmann principle:
A. loading a bone longitudinally (parallel to the direction of growth) by either compression or intermittent tension=stimulate bone growth
B. remodeling of a curved bone to straighten it
C. Constant or excessive stress causes bone material to decrease (detrimental)
C. Constant or excessive stress causes bone material to decrease (detrimental)
Amanda is prescribing an exercise for a 30 month old. Which of the following is most appropriate?
A. Throwing Beanie Babies overhead onto a mat
B. Frog hops over small obstacle
C. Hop Scotch
D. Dribbling a small basketball
A. Throwing Beanie Babies overhead onto a matt
Carly's pt is 20 months old. Carly wants to pick a LE exercise that is appropriate for him. Which of the following could a 20 month old likely complete?
A. Riding a tricycle around the gym
B. Kicking a soccer ball back and forth
C. Bunny hops over small hurdles
D. An obstacle course involving creeping up and down stairs
D. An obstacle course involving creeping up and down stairs
Dustin is going to evaluate a very, very premature baby. Before he even enters the room, he can assume the baby will likely:
A. Have physiological flexion
B. Not have physiological flexion
B. Not have physiological flexion: physiological flexion is the result of the baby growing in a cramped womb. They are constantly moving against resistance. With premature babies, they are often not in the womb long enough to get cramped
Lauren's brother has syndactylism in his feet. This is best described as:
Sarah is working with a fifteen month old. Which of the following skills would she be surprised if they developed already?
A. Walking freely
B. Creeping backwards down stairs
C. Flings ball
D. Stoops to pick up objects and regains stance