Types of cerebral palsy
What are the 4 types of cerebral palsy?
Spastic, dyskinetic, ataxia, mixed
What are some common secondary impairments from cerebral palsy?
Muscle tension/tendon contractures
Bony torsion
Hip displacement
Spinal deformity
Describe level 3 of the GMFCS.
Walks using a hand-held mobility device
What are some predictive and discriminative tests for children with CP?
AIMS- predictor of CP when infants are older
TIMP- preterm as well as after term
Neurosensory motor development assessment: preterm as well as afterterm, predictor of CP when infants are older
Prechtl's assessment of general movements: predicts CP in early months
What is a child's chance of independent walking if independent sitting is not achieved by age 3?
Little chance for independent walking
Which type of cerebral palsy is involved with the basal ganglia and has uncontrolled, recurring, stereotyped movement?
Cognition, communication, sensation, epilepsy, perception
Describe level 5 of the GMFCS.
Transported in a manual wheelchair
Besides using the GMFM for CP, what other conditions can you use this with?
Children with Downs syndrome and Acute brain injury
What are some characteristics of a child that is learning to walk from 9-15 months?
Wide BOS, heel everted, full foot contact in PF, short stride, increased cadence, foot drop in swing, COM is closer to head & upper trunk
Which type of cerebral palsy involves the motor cortex with spastic and exaggerated reflexes?
Spastic
What ages/population can the GMFCS be used for?
Children with CP infants-18 years old
If child is classified before 2, they should be reclassified at 2 or older
Describe level 4 of the GMFCS.
Self-mobility with limitations, may use power mobility
What is the target population for the GMFM?
children whose motor skills are at or below a typical 5 year old without a motor disability
During 3-3.5 years of age how does the child's gait pattern and posture change?
Posture: decreased femoral anteversion and heel inversion in WB
Gait: consistent heel strike, visual and vestibular system is immature
Which type of cerebral palsy involves the cerebellum with instability and lack of coordinated, rhythmic movement?
Ataxia cerebral palsy
Describe Level 1 from the GMFCS.
Walks without limitations
Why is weight bearing so important for children with cerebral palsy?
No weight bearing= no stimulation of bone growth= increase possibility for hip dislocation
what is a common gait impairment that has to do with children with diplegia CP?
Crouched gait
- weak hip abductors, quads, PF's
- tight hamstrings
- adductor spasticity
What age do we see gait patterns fully mature by? What about postural control?
Posture: 7-12 years
How would you describe cerebral palsy?
It is a permanent condition impacting the development of movement and posture and it is not progressive.
Describe level 2 of the GMFCS.
Walks with limitations
What is the difference in chest development in newborns vs adults? Why is this a consideration in infants?
Newborns: increase space between lower ribs
- they might have inefficient motion of the chest wall during inspiration
Adults: shorter distance between lower ribs
what is the best predictor of ambulation without an assistive device by age 8?
Independent sitting by 24 months
T/F: Having varus alignment in the tibia is normal during 9-15 months of age.
True