Growth & Development
Adolescents enter this Piaget stage, where they develop the ability to think abstractly, reason hypothetically, and consider future consequences.
Formal operational stage
A 14-year-old with SLE asks how to protect their skin. The nurse tells them to do this daily to prevent rashes triggered by sunlight.
Use sunscreen daily
Children who are premature, have chronic illnesses like congenital heart disease, sickle cell anemia, or cystic fibrosis, or developmental disorders like cerebral palsy, are at higher risk for severe outcomes when affected by these.
Respiratory infections or respiratory disorders
What are key nursing interventions for sickle cell crisis?
IV fluids, analgesics (narcotics), oxygen if needed, and close monitoring d/t risks for acute chest syndrome or stroke.
This approach in pediatric nursing emphasizes collaboration, respect, and partnership with families to ensure safe and effective care, recognizing the family as the child’s constant in a hospital setting.
Family-centered care
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding or formula feeding until this age, when solid foods may be safely introduced.
6 months
These immunoglobulins do not cross the placenta, so the newborn must rely on their own immune system or postnatal sources for protection.
IgM, IgA, and IgE
Only IgG crosses the placenta
The nurse is caring for an infant with a VSD who has heart failure. The infant weighs 11 pounds. The medication order reads: Spironolactone 5 milligrams PO every 12 hours.
Spironolactone is provided by the pharmacy in a solution of 2.5 milligrams/1 ml. How many mLs will the nurse administer?
2mL
A five-year-old has a Wilms tumor. The nurse’s priority is to prevent rupture and spread of the tumor, so this action should be avoided when caring for the child.
Palpating the abdomen
This nursing approach aims to minimize physical and psychological distress during procedures by using techniques such as distraction, parental presence, and age-appropriate explanations.
Atraumatic care
In Erikson’s stages, preschoolers work to assert themselves through play, imagination, and decision-making during this developmental task.
Initiative vs Guilt
This test detects HIV antibodies, but in infants under 18 months, a positive result may reflect maternal antibodies rather than true infection.
The ELISA test
Even after second-hand smoke is removed, residual nicotine and chemicals that settle on surfaces like furniture, clothing, and toys can still affect infants and children, increasing their risk for respiratory infections and asthma. This type of exposure is called:
Fourth-hand smoke exposure
A child is admitted with ALL. Among these symptoms: anorexia, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, fatigue, fever, hepatomegaly, lethargy, petechiae, and splenomegaly, the nurse’s most urgent interventions focus on which?
Focus on those that indicate infection, bleeding, or severe anemia:
Fever, petechiae, and lethargy
Developmental surveillance and screening, injury and disease prevention, health promotion
According to Piaget, toddlers are in this stage, where they use trial-and-error, imitate others, and engage in pretend play.
Sensorimotor to Preoperational transition stage
This immunodeficiency affects males only and is marked by recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections due to a lack of mature B cells.
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
An 11-year-old with rheumatic fever has missed school for a week. This post-infectious autoimmune complication is most often triggered by:
A previous streptococcal infection
Children with thalassemia often require repeated blood transfusions, which can lead to excessive iron accumulation in organs. What is the condition called?
Hemosiderosis
A 10-year-old child in respiratory distress requires intubation. Which sizes of ET tubes will the nurse prepare?
6.0 and 6.5
School-age children typically grow about this many inches per year and gain steady muscle mass, leading to a more adult-like appearance.
2–3 inches per year
This most common type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis affects 4 or fewer joints, often the knee, and may have non-joint symptoms like eye inflammation.
Pauciarticular (Oligoarticular)
Complications can include uneven leg bone growth
A two-day-old infant was just diagnosed with aortic stenosis. What is the most likely nursing assessment finding?
Heart murmur
This pediatric tumor is often metastatic at diagnosis, and most commonly presents as a firm abdominal mass.
Neuroblastoma
In children, this finding, characterized by a slight delay between the aortic and pulmonic valve closure and a heart rate that varies with respiration, is considered normal.
Split S2 and sinus arrhythmia