At what Age?
10 months
Name the three involuntary grasp patterns needed to be integrated prior to grasp.
Grasp reflex
Instinctive grasp reflex
Avoiding response
In Developmental Hand Skill Observations, What number observes Lack of thumb opening?
#6
What 2 things determine handwriting readiness?
-Visual Motor Integration
-Pencil Grip
Neurodevelopment Approach looks at...
- Postural and arm preparation
-Muscle Tone
-Proximal Stability and Strength
At 3.5-4 years old, what scissor skill and arm action will you see?
Cuts out a circle, the hand holding the paper moves it in coordination w/ cutting. Hand holding scissors, is supinated 90. or more.
What is the developmental sequence when it comes to grasp?
ulnar to radial, and palmar to digital
Immature Motor Separation, they will have trouble with what?
Turning the page
Explain the 4 different pencil grips?
Dynamic tripod: Three finger position with web space
Lateral tripod: three finger positions with no web space
Dynamic Tripod: Four fingers with web space
Lateral Tripod: Four fingers with no web space
The SI approach works on sensory-motor activities on what 4 skills?
- Eye-hand coordination
-Bilateral coordination
-Motor Planning
-Visual Perceptual Skills
Explain what age avoiding response onsets and integrates at and what is the stimulus + response.
Onset: birth
Integrated: 6 months
Stimulus: visual occlusion. Distally moving stimulus to back of hand and fingers, ulna side, palmar surface of fingers
Response: Finger extension and abduction
What are the two development of release?
1. mutual fingering to midline and 2-stage transfer
2. Assistive release against surface, release above with straight and extended wrist
Inability to do the "itsy bitsy spider" means what problem in fine motor skill?
Elbow/forearm problems
Comprehensive Handwriting Evaluation involves 5 steps, what are they?
- Examine written work
-Review the childs educational and clinical records
-Observe child
-Evaluate child handwriting legibility and Speed
-Assessing performance skills suspected to interfere with handwriting (visual-perceptual assessments, PDMS-3, ROM, etc)
Explain the differences between Shore and Print Tool Assessments.
-Shore: 3-7 yrs old and Print Tool: k-3+
-Shore tests more pre-writing skills, position, hand control, letter/number formation, bilateral skills, etc
-Print Tool tests memory, orientation, placement, size start, sequence, spacing
At what age is radial-digital grasp developed?
8-9 months
Explain the differences between the three hand arches that are NOT functional until 2 years old.
Longitudinal: base of hand to finger tip; graded finger flexion and extension to complex hand actions (writing)
Transverse: Curvature from radial to ulnar side. Middle of hand.
Diagonal: Thumb to finger tips
What 3 prehension activities can you do if a child struggles with thumb development?
-String the straw
-Etch-a-sketch
-roll little balls
-Funnel
-Seat Pull through
-Cotton balls and clothespin
-make a link
What 4 ergonomic factors MUST you consider with pre-handwriting and handwriting?
- Posture
-UE stability
-Mobility
-Pencil grip
Why would you use a bigger, heavier weight pencil? Why would you use a smaller, lighter weight?
- under responsitivity, proprioception
-children who fatigue easier, younger children
What age can they start cutting with scissors?
35 months
Explain the three in-hand manipulations that happen after you grasp an object.
Translation: moving coin from palm to fingers
Rotation: Rotate object in pads of fingers, or object 180.
Shift: Movement of an object in a linear direction, moving a pencil tip closer to fingertips
Create a prehension activity that involves bilaterally/laterality/ handedness.
-Chalkboard stencil
-Stacking up! use dominos w/ eyes closed
-Play with heavy ball
-Swing on playground
What specific areas of visual perceptual assessment are looked at, and what do they mean?
- Discrimination: ability to detect differences
-Visual memory:ability to remember shape/word/ and to recall it
-Form Constancy: ability to recongize that forms, #, letters are the same despite shape, darker, lighter, or different orientation
-Sequential Memory: ability to remember a sequence or chain of letter
-Figure ground discrimination: identify foreground from background
-Visual Closure: identify forms or objects with given incomplete appearance.
-
Pre-K Goals and Interventions (HWT)
- Goals: body parts, directionality, learning R from left, Socialization, scapular, shoulder, arm and prehension skills, Making shapes out of objects, tracing, coloring, early writing
-Interventions: Shake hand song Hello, Use of wood pieces, crayon pick up, aim and scribble, aim and trace, Teaching Shapes