Congenital Heart Clues
Clue #1- In these defects, blood usually moves left to right, so too much blood goes to the lungs.
Clue # 2- In the opposite type, blood moves right to left or mixes, causing blue color. Name both groups.
Clue #1 Acyanotic Defects
Clue #2 Cyanotic Defects
Clue: A child has fever for 5+ days plus CRASH findings. Name the disease and the 2 big treatments.
Answer: Kawasaki disease, IVIG, aspirin
Clue: This is abnormal electrical firing in the brain. During one, your first priority is airway and breathing, then time the event.
Answer: Seizure
Clue: A 4-week-old infant has projectile non-bilious vomiting, stays hungry, and may have an olive-shaped mass. What is it, and what must be corrected before surgery?
Answer: Pyloric stenosis; fluids and electrolytes
Clue: Before starting antibiotics for this common pediatric infection, you should obtain a urinalysis and urine culture.
Answer: Urinary tract infection
Clue: Match the hallmark sign to the defect:
1. Fixed split S2
2.Loud harsh murmur with SWFT signs
3.Continuous machinery murmur with bounding pulses
1. ASD
2. VSD
3.PDA
Clue: This illness happens after untreated group A strep and can damage heart valves. The memory aid is JONES.
Answer: Rheumatic fever
Clue: This usually happens in children 6 months to 5 years after a rapid rise in temperature. Give 2 nursing actions during the event.
Answer: Febrile seizure; protect from injury and place the child side-lying
Clue: This condition causes sudden episodic abdominal pain, knees drawn up, and currant jelly stools. The enema can diagnose and treat it.
Answer: Intussusception
Clue: A child develops tea- or cola-colored urine, periorbital edema, and hypertension after a recent strep infection.
Answer: Acute post-strep glomerulonephritis
Clue: Name the three obstructive lesions described by these clues:
1. Arms high, legs low, weak femoral pulses
2. Exertional chest pain or syncope from a tight aortic valve
3.Loud systolic ejection murmur with RVH from a tight path to the lungs
Answer: 1.Coarctation of the aorta, 2.aortic stenosis, 3. pulmonic stenosis
Clue: In this valve infection, you should get blood cultures x3 before antibiotics, then start prolonged IV antibiotics.
Answer: Infective endocarditis
Clue: This dangerous infection of the meninges requires droplet precautions, cultures if possible, and IV antibiotics ASAP if bacterial. Name 2 classic signs in older kids.
Answer: Meningitis; fever and nuchal rigidity, stiff neck (Headache or photophobia also work)
Clue: Pain starts near the belly button, then moves to the RLQ. You should avoid heat, laxatives, and enemas.
Answer: Appendicitis
Clue: This disorder causes massive edema, proteinuria, and low albumin, and is commonly treated with corticosteroids.
Answer: Nephrotic syndrome
Clue: Name the cyanotic defect with PROV, and give the first 3 priority actions during a tet spell.
Answer: Tetralogy of Fallot; knee-chest position, calm and comfort the child, oxygen
Clue: One shock type is caused by a heart that cannot pump well and needs cautious fluids. The other is caused by a severe allergy and needs IM epinephrine first. Name both.
Answer: Cardiogenic shock and anaphylactic shock
Clue: Pressure inside the skull is too high. Give the late triad that is a red flag.
nswer: Increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, irregular respirations
Clue: Name both GI disorders:
Infant spits up, arches after feeds, and does better with small frequent feeds and staying upright
Newborn fails to pass meconium in 24 to 48 hours because stool cannot move through part of the colon
Answer: GERD and Hirschsprung disease
Clue:1. One kidney problem is sudden and may be reversible, while the other is slow, progressive, and long-term. Name both.
Answer: Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease