Cognitive & Genitic Disorders
What type of evaluation is needed when a child is suspected of having ADHD?
A comprehensive evaluation using diagnostic criteria, including a detailed history and assessment of the child's behavior and functioning.
ADHD is not diagnosed from one laboratory test.
A child is having an asthma exacerbation. After receiving rescue medication, which finding indicates improvement?
A. Increasing respiratory rate
B. Decreasing oxygen saturation
C. Ability to answer questions
D. Increasing retractions
C. Ability to answer questions
What happens when respiratory distress worsens? The child may have difficulty speaking because of increased work of breathing.
How frequently is palivizumab administered when prescribed for RSV prevention during the appropriate season?
Every 28 days.
Name three expected manifestations of a large ventricular septal defect (VSD).
What intervention is initially recommended for a 10-year-old newly diagnosed with dyslipidemia?
Heart-healthy lifestyle changes, including dietary changes, physical activity, and weight management.
Name three classroom strategies that can help a child with ADHD.
What organism causes pertussis, and what test is commonly used to rapidly diagnose it?
Bordetella pertussis causes pertussis, and PCR testing is commonly used for diagnosis.
Name three signs of respiratory distress in a 2-month-old.
Examples include:
Tetralogy of Fallot consists of four defects. Name all four.
Name one important risk factor for dyslipidemia in children.
Family history of elevated lipids.
A child with autism spectrum disorder repeatedly becomes upset when their routine changes and has intense interests in specific topics. What characteristics of ASD do these behaviors demonstrate?
Restricted/repetitive behaviors and interests, including fixation on topics and difficulty with changes in routine.
A child is suspected of having epiglottitis. What is the priority nursing concern?
Maintaining the airway.
Keep the child calm and upright. Avoid unnecessary agitation or procedures that could precipitate airway obstruction.
A child with active tuberculosis is admitted. Name four infection-control interventions.
Discussion: Ask students why standard precautions alone aren't sufficient.
A child with Tetralogy of Fallot suddenly becomes cyanotic and very irritable. What position should the nurse place the child in?
Knee-chest position.
How does this positioning helps during a hypercyanotic episode.
A child with recurrent infectious endocarditis is going to the dentist. What teaching should the nurse reinforce?
The child may require prophylactic antibiotics before dental visits or invasive oral procedures, according to the course content.
A child with ASD frequently covers their ears, becomes distressed by certain textures, and reacts strongly to bright lights. What additional concern should the nurse recognize?
Sensory processing issues.
Think of examples of how sensory issues could affect the child's behavior in school or healthcare settings.
A toddler aspirates sunflower seeds and continues coughing. The child's oxygen saturation is 91%. Why is this child a priority?
The child has an acute airway/oxygenation problem following aspiration.
A child with cystic fibrosis has a sweat chloride level of 85 mEq/L. What does this finding suggest?
It is consistent with cystic fibrosis based on the exam content.
A child has coarctation of the aorta. Where would the nurse expect blood pressure to be higher?
Upper extremities will have a higher systolic blood pressure than the lower extremities.
A child with Kawasaki disease has no coronary aneurysm. Approximately how long does the exam content identify before return to usual activity?
Approximately 3–4 weeks.
A child has significant lead poisoning and lives in an older home. What is an important nursing action beyond treating the child?
Notify the health department so potential environmental sources of lead exposure can be investigated.
The nurse needs to think beyond the individual child, removing the source of exposure is essential.
A child with cystic fibrosis is receiving chest physiotherapy. Which medication is administered beforehand?
Albuterol.
Why? It helps open the airways before airway-clearance therapy.
A child has cystic fibrosis and is receiving chest physiotherapy. The nurse wants to maximize airway clearance. What should the nurse do before the therapy?
Answer:
Administer albuterol as prescribed.
Why would opening the airways before CPT be beneficial?
Answer:
It can improve airway patency and help facilitate secretion clearance.
A parent asks whether their child with a repaired atrial septal defect can participate in sports. What should the nurse explain?
The child may participate in team sports as tolerated, based on their clinical status.
An adolescent with cardiomyopathy begins withdrawing from friends, loses interest in activities they previously enjoyed, and has noticeable mood changes.
What should the nurse recognize?
The adolescent may be experiencing depression, which is an important concern in children/adolescents with cardiomyopathy.
Don't dismiss significant mood or behavior changes as simply "normal teenage behavior." The nurse should assess further.