Down Syndrome
This physical finding, which gives infants with DS a "floppy" appearance, is a hallmark of the disorder.
What is hypotonia?
Common phrase used to describe hydrocephalus (another name for it).
What is water on the brain?
What is occulta?
This is considered the highest priority for the child with CP care plan to manage muscle spasticity and prevent painful contractures.
What is physical therapy?
The age children are at highest risk for physical abuse.
What is birth to 3 years?
Women at this specific age group have a significantly higher risk of giving birth to a child with DS.
What is 35 years of age or older?
80% of children with congenital hydrocephalus were born with this severe neural tube defect.
What is myelomeningocele ?
This occurs because of the downward displacement of the brain stem.
Besides consuming synthetic folic acid, a pregnant woman may also consume these foods rich in folate.
What are: green leafy vegetables, fortified cereals, rice, pasta and fruits, and juices. ?
The incidence for CP is significantly higher in infants born with these two specific physical risk factors.
What are prematurity and low birth rate?
The priority when the nurse suspects a pediatric patient is a victim of human trafficking.
What is separate the patient/ build trust ?
40% - 50% with down syndrome are born with a heart defect, and every newly diagnosed child with DS must undergo evaluation with this diagnostic test.
What is an echo?
The mnemonic used to identify early signs of pediatric hydrocephalus or shunt complications.
Bonus points if you know what each letter stands for.
What is PIES. ?
P = Projectile vomiting (classic sign)
I = Irritability (often accompanied with high pitched, shrill cry)
E = Enlarged head/fontanels, Evaluate LOC, educate
S = Sunset eyes, shunts and separation of suture lines.
The dressing to prevent the meningeal sac from drying out, cracking or leaking cerebrospinal fluid.
What is sterile, saline soaked, nonadhesive gauze. ?
This disappears in healthy children by 4 - 6 months of age, but persists in children with CP.
What is the moro reflex?
Individuals with high ACE scores are more likely to develop these 3 high risk coping mechanisms.
What are alcoholism, smoking and drug use?
Testing of thyroid function is done at birth and at this frequency until 1 year of life. What
What is 5 - 7 months. ?
The hardware device implanted to divert excess CSF from the brain's ventricle to the peritoneal cavity, where the body can naturally absorb it.
What is a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt) ?
Elevated levels of this plasma protein are associated with open neural tube defects.
Bonus points for what low levels would be associated with.
What is Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP)?
Bonus: Low levels are associated with Down Syndrome ( Trisomy 21).
The most common support device for children with CP to maintain proper joint alignment.
What are ankle foot orthotics?
Name three health consequences of ACEs.
What are: obesity, diabetes, depression, STD'S, heart disease, stroke, cancer, COPD, broken bones.
The three distinct head and facial anatomical differences that may make sucking and swallowing difficult in an infant with DS.
What are: small mouth, large tongue and a chronically stuffy nose (underdeveloped nasal bone causes this) ?
To confirm drainage is a cerebrospinal fluid leak from child's ears, nose or surgical dressing, they can confirm its presence by performing this rapid test.
What is a glucose test?
CSF contains glucose!
Because myelomeningocele causes a neurogenic bladder, the child is at risk for these kidney complications (name 2).
What are UTIs, pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis (permanent renal damage).?
Drooling in patients with CP may cause mouth odor, skin maceration and dental erosion. To reduce saliva production, this can be injected into the salivary glands to relax glandular tissues.
What is botulinum toxin type A (botox) ?
Five signs and symptoms of abuse/traumatic events.
What are: bruises, cuts, burns, changes in behavior, inappropriate behavior, sleep disturbances, fractures, failure to thrive, headaches, low self confidence.