motor milestones after 1st year
By 18 months, what 3 things should a child be able to do?
Fast walk
Attempts to kick a ball
Walk backwards
For a norm-referenced outcome measure, what are the child's scores compared to? What type of scoring do we use to interpret the data?
The child's performance needs to be compared to same age peers
Use standard score to interpret data
What does the TIMP assess? What age group can it be used for?
Assesses postural control and alignment
From 34 weeks post conception through 4 months corrected age
What age group/population can the timed up and down stairs test be used for?
Ages 8-14 years with and without CP
What other conditions put a child at risk for HTN?
Obesity, CKD, Sleep disturbed breathing, history of prematurity
At what age is 50% of adult height reached at?
2-2.5 years old
What are some examples of Norm referenced outcome measures?
- ASQ-3: ages and stages
- AIMS
- BSID: Bayley scales of infant and toddler development
- TIMP: test of infant motor performance
- PDMS2: Peabody developmental motor scale
- BOT2: Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency
- WeeFIM: FIM for children
- PEDI-CAT: pediatric evaluation of disability inventory
What does the AIMS test for? What age group is it used in?
Assesses gross motor development
Infants from birth-18 months (most sensitive when used with infants 4-12 months)
What ages can the pediatric balance scale be used with?
ages 5-15 with mild-moderate impairment
What is the FLACC assessing? Which ages can they be used for?
used to assess pain, useful when a child can't tell you how they are feeling
used for children 2 months-7 years old and children younger than 3 before/after anesthesia
Should see these activities starting at 2 years old
When are criterion referenced outcome measures used?
Looks at change over time for a specific child
Testing determines baseline level and performance based on child and family goals
What is the PDMS assessing? What age groups can it be used with?
Assesses gross motor and fine motor skills that develop in early life
Used from birth to 5yrs 11 months
What does the segmental assessment of trunk control (SATCo) assess for? When does sitting balance emerge?
Assesses levels of trunk control in children with motor disabilities
Sitting balance emerges between 2-9 months of age
What ages/population can the FACES pain rating scale be used for?
Created for children to communicate about their pain by pointing to one of the faces on the scale
Can be used for ages 3 and older
At what age should a child start following 3 step directions, ride a tricycle, and walk in a straight line?
3 years old
What are some examples of criterion referenced outcome measures?
HELP: Hawaii early learning profile checklist
INFANIB: Infant neurobiological international battery
GMFM: gross motor function measure
COPM: canadian occupational performance measure
Developmental coordination disorder questionnaire
SFA: school function assessment
PBS: pediatric balance scale
What does the BOT3 assess for and which age group can it be used for?
Assesses fine and gross motor proficiency
Target population: 4-25 yrs and 11 months
What is the difference in BP, RR and HR for infants and toddlers compared to adults?
HR and RR is higher than adults
BP is lower than adults
How do facilitation techniques help a child in PT?
Assists with movement, the child must participate for learning to occur
The therapist places their hands on a specific part of the child's body to help align and stabilize segments along with initiating movement
By 5 years old, what some activities do we expect a child to be able to do?
Skip, hop 8-10 times on same foot, swing, climb, throw overhead, somersault, balances on one foot for 10 seconds or longer
Which outcome measures can test motor function?
TIMP
AIMS
GMFM
PDMS2
BOT2
What are some single task activity level outcome measures?
TUG, Functional reach, Gait velocity, 6 min (2 min) walk test, running and jumping tests
What value for SpO2 would we be concerned in pediatrics?
SpO2<92%
What are the 3 things you should NOT base a child's goals off of?
DO NOT:
write goals from standardized test times
write ROM goals without focus on functional skills
write pain goals without focus on how it impacts functional skills