Lung development
This period is characterized with development of primitive alveoli and bronchial enlargement.
What is the Canalicular period?
Prolonged exposure to this type of respiratory support is a primary risk factor and causal mechanism behind Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.
What is mechanical ventilation?
This is the most common etiology of viral croup.
Parainfluenza virus
This bacterium is the most common cause of epiglottitis in unvaccinated children.
What is Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)?
This virus is the most common pathogen of acute bronchiolitis
The type of cells produce surfactant
What are Type II alveolar cells?
An appropriate treatment for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in infants who have insufficient surfactant production.
What is surfactant replacement therapy?
These anatomical structures are commonly affected by viral croup and lead to inflammatory symptoms
Larynx, trachea, and bronchii
This classic symptom is characterized by a child sitting forward and drooling.
What is Tripod positioning?
This section of the airway is commonly affected by the viral infection
What is the lower airways
Which period do the lungs develop the ability to do gas exchange?
What is the Saccular period?
The primary respiratory structure affected in bronchopulmonary dysplasia, leading to impaired gas exchange.
What are alveoli?
This is the clinical presentation of viral croup
Characteristic “seal-like barking” cough, stridor, hoarseness, difficulty breathing, fever, dyspnea, tachycardia and/or tachypnea
This is what you would see on a lateral soft-tissue neck X-ray of a patient with epiglottitis.
What is Thumbprint sign? This is due to the thickening and rounding of the epiglottis.
This is the average age of peak incidences of this condition
What is 3-6 months
At what period have all the major elements of the lung formed?
What is the Pseudoglandular period?
In Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, abnormal thickening of the pulmonary vessels, leads to this complication.
What is pulmonary hypertension?
This is commonly seen on a neck X-ray for viral croup, indicative of airway narrowing.
“Steeple sign”
his is the critical first step in managing a child with suspected epiglottitis.
What is securing the airway?
The bronchoconstriction results in a common symptom associated with the airway obstruction
What is wheezing
When are the lungs fully developed and mature?
What is not until late childhood?
The stages of lung development that are interrupted, leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
What are the saccular and alveolar stages of development?
This is the pathophysiology of viral croup
Viral infection causes inflammation of the entire laryngotracheal tree and obstruction in the narrowest portion (subglottic area) leads to inspiratory stridor and barking cough
This is given to children to significantly reduce the incidence of epiglottitis in children.
What is the Hib vaccine?
This condition leads to this issue within the bronchiole lining