Cardio
Congenital heart defects are not always diagnosed by the time of d/c
True or false
True - about 30% are diagnosed after d/c
Which trimester is the GI system formed in utero?
1st trimester (within the first 4 weeks)
Children have more UTIs than adults b/c their urethras are longer.
True or False?
False - urethras are shorter
What is the most common sound heard in a child with an upper respiratory illness?
Stridor
The endocrine system is the most immature system at birth
True or False
True - hormone control is absent until 12-18 months
Child with SVT who is asymptomatic other than feeling anxious with palpitations needs what intervention first?
Vasovagal maneuvers
Name one strategy to prevent reflux in an infant who has gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
Position upright when feeding and after feeding, burp frequently, small frequent feedings...
Nocternal enuresis
Cause of most URI, hospitalizations, asthmas flare-ups, and ear infections
Passive smoke inhalation
Was never seen in children until the 1990s
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Cardiac lesions that increase the pulmonary blood flow and cause fluid volume overload
Left to right shunting lesion
What are the "3 C's" to assess in a child who is supsected of having esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)
Coughing
Choking
Cyanosis
If a child is negative for UTI but has severe itching and pain with urination
Vaginitis
The most common way to diagnose allergic rhinitis in kids is to do allergy skin testing.
True or False
False
The child has constipation, weight gain, and decreased growth.
Hypo or Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Most are asymptomatic, but if not should be restricted from stenuous activity and sports
Cardiomyopathies
Which type of hepatitis is most commonly seen in kids causes diarrhea and fatigue
Hepatitis A
The 6 month old's testicles are undescended
Cryptorchidism
Name 3 risk factors to SIDS
Prone sleeping, exposure to tobacco smoke, soft sleeping surfaces, hyperthermia, bed sharing, lack of breastfeeding, SIDS sibling, preterm, near-SIDS
Has a baby face, diminished muscle mass, and decline in growth
Growth hormone deficiency
What medication does a child with positive Jones criteria need?
Benzathine penicillin IM
Typically noted at age 9-12 months of age causing diarrhea, FTT, nausea, vomiting
Celiac disease
Eyes and face become swollen followed by systemic edema and diarrhea
Nephrotic syndrome
Typically the first medication administered in a child admitted for croup
Racemic epinephrine
Followed by steroids and humidified O2
The most severe symptom of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
Salt-wasting crisis