Growing Pains
Posterior fontanel closes by _____ of age
Anterior fontanel closes by _____ of age
Posterior fontanel closes by 2 months of age
Anterior fontanel closes by 12-18 months of age
How does a PDA shunt after birth L->R or R->L
L->R
What is the normal RR for a newborn
30-60BPM
What age is the first dose of the MMR vaccine typically given
12-15months
Hirschsprung’s disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon) is a structural anomaly of the GI tract caused by lack of _______ in segments of the colon resulting in decreased motility and mechanical obstruction
Ganglionic cells
Name 2 milestones that are usually achieved by a 9-month-old? (Motor -fine and gross
Sits unsupported
Uses fingers to move food towards themselves
Move objects from one hand to the other
Crawling or pulling to stand
What is the treatment for a PDA closure
Indomethacin
What is the first-line treatment for croup (Acute laryngotracheobronchitis and acutespasmodic laryngitis)
Nebulized epinephrine and corticosteroids.
Nursing care: Admin O2 as needed, monitor pulse ox, admin IVF as prescribed
Which vaccine protects against whooping cough?
DTap (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis)
The therapeutic procedure, Nissen Fundoplication is used to treat?
Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease.
The laparoscopic surgical procedure wraps the fundus of the stomach around the distal esophagus to decrease reflux to treat severe cases of GERD.
At what age can children usually draw a circle
3 years
What are the 4 components of TOF
Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
What is bronchiolitis, and which virus most commonly causes it?
Inflammation of the small airways caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
What is the minimum age to give the first dose of the influenza vaccine
6 Months
Your patient has the following s/s, what do you suspect?
- Right lower quadrant abdominal pain
- Fever and lethargy
- Absent bowel sounds and a Rigid abdomen
Appendicitis
What is the term for the developmental stage where a toddler says “no” frequently and begins asserting independence?
The Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
What is Kawasaki disease, and why is it concerning in pediatrics
It’s an inflammatory condition that can lead to coronary artery aneurysms if untreated.
Acute systemic vasculitis, resolves in less than 8 weeks. Also known as “mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
A pediatric patient presents with fever, drooling, difficulty swallowing, and stridor. The child is sitting in a tripod position, appearing anxious, and has a muffled voice. What is the diagnosis, the most likely causative organism, and the critical intervention needed?
Diagnosis: Epiglottitis
Causative Organism: Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
Critical Intervention: Immediate airway management and administration of IV antibiotics
Which immunization protects against epiglottitis?
Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b)
What is the condition called when the proximal segment of the bowel telescopes into a more distal segment, resulting in lymphatic and venous obstruction causing edema in the area. With progression, ischemia and increased mucus into the intestine will occurs
Intussusception
A 4-year-old child is evaluated for developmental delays. The child cannot dress themselves, speaks in two-word phrases, has difficulty following simple instructions, and struggles with interactive play. What what potential disorder could this suggest?
Potential Disorder: Autism Spectrum disorder, or a global developmental delay
What are the 3 stages of surgery for Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Surgery in three stages starting shortly after birth: Norwood procedure, Glenn shunt, and Fontan procedure
Cystic fibrosis is a respiratory disorder characterized by mucus glands that secrete thick, tenacious mucus, leading to mechanical obstruction of various organs. Provide one clinical manifestation of cystic fibrosis for each of the following body systems: Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Integumentary, Endocrine/Reproductive
Respiratory: Wheezing, dyspnea, or cyanosis
Gastrointestinal: Steatorrhea (foul-smelling stools) or failure to gain weight
Integumentary: Excessively salty sweat, tears, or saliva
Endocrine/Reproductive: viscous cervical mucus or decreased sperm production
What are the specific contraindications for administering the following vaccines?
MMR vaccine, Varicella vaccine
MMR: Severe immunodeficiency, pregnancy, or a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose or components (e.g., gelatin or neomycin)
Varicella: Severe immunodeficiency, pregnancy, or a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose or components (e.g., gelatin or neomycin)
2 week old patient comes in with
- Vomiting that often occurs following a feeding (Nonbilious vomitus can be blood-tinged)
- Olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen
- Failure to gain weight and manifestations of dehydration
What do you suspect?
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis .
This condition is characterized by is the thickening of the pyloric sphincter, which creates an obstruction and usually occurs in the first few weeks of life